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Porifera & Cnidaria
Ch. 9 Vocabulary about Poriferans and Cnidarians
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Porifera | Phylum name meaning "to bear pores" |
| Diploblastic | Organisms having 2 embryonic layers called the ectoderm and the endoderm |
| Spongocoel | A water-filled space in the center of all sponges; not a true body cavity |
| Sessile | Not able to move freely |
| Filter feeder | Strain suspended food particles from water that flows through them |
| Spicules | Needle-like structures made of calcium carbonate or silica that make up sponge bodies |
| Spongin | A more fibrous & squishy substance that makes up sponge bodies |
| Asymmetry | Having a body plan that is not easily divided into even sections |
| Class Calcarea | The calcareous sponges |
| Class Hexactinellida | The glass sponges |
| Class Demospongiae | The freshwater and bath sponges |
| Ascon | Simplest and least common of the 3 sponge body forms |
| Sycon | Sponge body form that is second in complexity; water first flows into the sponge through incurrent canals |
| Leucon | The most complex sponge body form; lacks a spongocoel |
| Osculum | The opening at the top of the sponge from which water and waste exit |
| Pores | Small openings on the outside of the sponge that water flows into |
| Pinacocytes | Thin, flat cells that line the outer surface of the sponge body |
| Porocytes | Pinacocytes that are specialized for regulating water circulation |
| Mesenchyme cells | Amoeboid cells in the mesophyl; specialized for reproduction, secreting “skeleton”,and transporting/storing food |
| Mesophyl | Jelly-like layer where mesenchyme cells are found |
| Choanocytes | "Collar cells"; line the spongocoel and create a water current to filter food particles out of the water |
| Collar | Part of the choanocytes that filter food out of the water |
| Flagella | Part of the choanocytes that create a water current inside of the spongocoel |
| Monoecious | Both sexes (male/female) on the same individual |
| Dioecious | Sexes (male/female) on different individuals |
| Gemmules | Masses of mesenchyme cells that are used for asexual reproduction of sponges |
| Larva | The immature stage of any animal species in which adults and immatures are different in body form and habitat |
| Cnidaria | Phylum name meaning "stinging nettle" |
| Epidermis | (in invertebrates) A single layer of cells derived from the ectodermal embryonic layer |
| Gastrodermis | The lining of the gastrovascular cavity in cnidarians that is derived from endodermal embryonic tissue |
| Mesoglea | A gel-like layer between the epidermis and the gastrodermis of cnidarians |
| Gastrovascular cavity | The large central cavity of cnidarians that receives and digests food; has a single opening serving as both mouth and anus; not a true body cavity |
| Cnidocyte | The cells that produce and discharge the nematocysts in cnidarians |
| Cnidocil | The sensory structure attached to cnidocytes that senses touch and releases the nematocyst |
| Nematocyst | A stinging structure found in cnidarians that is usually armed with spines or barbs and contains a venom that is injected into a prey’s flesh |
| Operculum | The cap of a cnidocyte that pops open when the cnidocil is stimulated |
| Polyp | The attached (sessile), usually asexual, stage of a cnidarian |
| Medusa | Usually, the sexual stage in the life cycle of cnidarians; the jellyfish body form |
| Tentacle | An arm-like structure armed with nematocysts that is used for capturing prey |
| Planula | A ciliated, free-swimming larva of most cnidarians; develops following the sexual reproduction and metamorphosis into a polyp |
| Rhopalium | A specialized sensory structure at the edge of the scyphozoan medusa |
| Class Hydrozoa | The cnidarian class containing the hydras |
| Class Scyphozoa | The cnidarian class containing the true jellyfish |
| Class Cubozoa | The cnidarian class containing the box jellies |
| Class Anthozoa | The cnidarian class containing the corals and sea anemones |
| Net-like | The simple nervous system of the cnidarians is often described as _____-_____. |
| Zooids | Colonial polyps with a specialized function such as those found as part of the Portuguese Man o' War |
| Mutualism | A symbiotic relationship in which both organisms receive a benefit |
| Zooxanthellae | Single-celled algae living within the tissue of corals |
| Coral bleaching | The event that occurs when zooxanthellae in coral polyps die due to changes in the ocean water. |
| Budding | A form a asexual reproduction in which offspring emerge off the parent's side |
Created by:
Julie.topping
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