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chapter 4 cell

polar bear BC

TermDefinition
passive transport Movement across the cell membrane that does not require energy from the cell.
concentration gradient A difference in concentration of a substance across a space.
equilibrium A condition in which a concentration of a substance is equal throughout a space.
diffusion The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration caused by the random motion of particles of the substances.
osmosis The diffusion of water through a selectively premeable membrane.
hypertonic solution A solution that causes a cell to shrink because of osmosis.
hypotonic solution A solution that causes a cell to swell because of osmosis.
isotonic solution A solution that causes no change in the cell volume because of osmosis.
ion channel A transport protein with a polar pore through which ions can pass.
carrier proteins Used to transport specific substances - such as amino acids and sugars - down their concentration gradient.
facilitated diffusion A type of passive transport that moves substances down their concentration gradient without using cell's energy.
active transport The transport of a substance across the cell membrane against its concentration gradient.
sodium-potassium pump Transports three sodium ions Na+, out of a cell and two potassium ions, K+, into the cell.
endocytosis When a vesicle moves substances into a cell. The cell membrane forms a pouch around a substance, then the pouch closes them up and pinches off from the membrane to form a vesicle.
exocytosis When a vesicle moves a substance to the outside of a cell
receptor protein a protein that binds to a specific signal Molecule, enabling the cell to respond to the signal molecule.
second messenger When activated, the second messenger acts as a signal molecule in the cytoplasm. It amplifies the signal of the first messenger.
Created by: Biology2013
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