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Whales - Phylogeny

Phylogeny

QuestionAnswer
extinction opposite of speciation
Key Aspects of Evolution (2) 1) Non direction (nature applies selective pressure) 2)Evolution happens across generations
Plasticity organisms able to survive in many different environments
niche ecological space where a species 'fits'
Importance of RNA biochemical that can replicate itself -> Life
Paleontology Study of extinct things
Archaeoceti Ancient whales
Artiodactyl 4 features Ancestors of Archaeoceti intertidal, 4 legged, long nose to catch fish, reduction of pelvic girdle (back legs) allowed swimming
Odontoceti Toothed whale - most common today
Mysticeti Baleen Whales - fewer today, evolved due to zooplankton, skip trophic levels
Delphinidae Dolphins - most recently evolved
Physoteridae Sperm Whales - part of Odontoceti, many species evolved due to squid explosion
Baleen Hard keratin tissue (derived from gums)
Singularity, examples Only 1 genus and 1 species. Eg: narwal, and many others Suggests cetaceans are in downturn
Why are whales in an evolutionary downturn? Possibly due to stabilized oceans - no longer allows for radiation of species
Why are whales (specifically baleen whales so BIG? 3 points 1) Baleen gives them a huge capacity to capture food (skip trophic levels - more biomass available) 2)No gravity environment - fewer developmental challenges 3)Homeotherms (warm blooded) - so lower surface area:mass ratio
Copepods Very common zooplankton
Homeotherm Warm blooded - create own heat
Fusiform body shape Streamlined (taperd at both ends) body to move through water
Baleen vs toothed whale evolution Baleen is more 'advanced' because it evovled after toothed whales
How many extant species of whales today? approx. 87
Yanksee river dolphins Whale species gone extinct b/c of Chinese gvt Particularly vulnerbale
Genetic isolation causes: greater chance for extinction -> lack of genetic diversity
What has splitting whale species populations up by anthropogenic influences done to populations? Made them genetically distinct
Created by: nbiebach
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