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CANCER BIOLOGY

GENES

QuestionAnswer
MUTAGENS BIOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL, & PHYSICAL CHANGE TO THE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE OF DNA TO CAUSE MUTATION
MUTATION CHANGE IN NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE
ALLELE AN ALTERNATIVE FORM OF A SINGLE GENE
PROTO-ONCOGENES REGULATE THE CELL CYCLE BY CODING FOR PROTEINS THAT STIMULATE CELL DIVISION IN A REGULATED MANNER.
PARTS OF CELL CYCLE THAT CAN BE AFFECTED BY PROTO-ONCOGENES (GRGCP) GO SIGNALS RECEPTORS G-PROTEINS CYCLINS PROTEIN KINASES/CDKs
A GAIN OF FUNCTION MUTATION -CAN CONVERT A PROTO-ONCOGENE TO AN ONCOGENE THAT STIMULATES CELL DIVISION IN AN UNREGULATED MANNER -IN ONE ALLELE OF A PROTO-ONCOGENE CAN INCREASE THE RISK OF CANCER (1 WILD (NORMAL) ALLELE & 1 ONCOGENE ALLELE)
MUTATIONS THAT CONVERT PROTO-ONCOGENES TO ONCOGENES -TRANSLOCATION/TRANSPOSITION -GENE AMPLIFICATION -POINT MUTATION RESULTS IN: NORMAL-GROWTH STIMULATING PROTEIN IN EXCESS -HYPERACTIVE OR DEGREDATION-RESISTANT PROTEINS BY PROTEASOMES
TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES (TSG) REGULATED CELL DIVISION BY CODING FOR PROTEINS THAT INHIBIT CELL DIVISION IN A HIGHLY REGULATED MANNER
TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE FUNCTIONS -DNA DAMAGE DETECTION -CELL CYCLE CHECKPOINTS -DNA REPAIR DETECTION -CELL 2 CELL BINDING, CELL BINDING TO ECM GENE REDUCES METASTASIS -APOPTOSIS (DCDCA)
LOSS OF FUNCTION MUTATIONS - IN TSG CAN CAUSE CHECKPOINT FAILURE, PREVENT DNA REPAIR, PREVENT APOPTOSIS, PROMOTE METASTASIS -MUTATIONS IN BOTH ALLELES OF TSG SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASES THE RISK OF CANCER
MULTI-STEP MODEL OS COLON CANCER DEVELOPMENT 1 OR MORE ONCOGENE & 2/3 OR MORE TSG 1. LOSS OF TSG APC = SMALL BENIGN TUMOR FORMS 2. ONCOGENE ACTIVATES 3. LOSS OF TSG (DCC)= LRGER BENIGN TUMOR FORMS 4. LOSS OF TSG (P53) 5. ADDT'L MUTATIONS = MALIGNANT TUMOR FORMS
Created by: dgira002
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