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A&P Muscular System
Origins and insertions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Orbicularis Oculi | Origin: frontal and maxillary bones and ligaments around orbit Insertion: encircles orbit and insert in tissue of eyelid Action: closes eyes |
| Zygomaticus Minor and major | Origin: Zygomatic bone Insertion: skin and muscle at corner of mouth Action: smiling muscle |
| Frontalis | origin: Cranial aponerosis Insertion: Skin of the eyebrow Action: raise eyebrows |
| Occipitalis | Origin: Occipital bones Insertion: Epicranial aponeurosis Action: pulls scalp posteriorly |
| Orbicularis Oris | Origin: arises indirectly from maxilla and mandible Insertion: Encircles mouth- skin and fascia of the lips Action: closes, purses lips- kissing |
| Platysma | Origin: Fascia of chest (over pectoral muscles) and deltoid Insertion: lower margin of mandible, skin, and muscle at corner of mouth Action: Tenses Skin of Neck / depresses mandible/ pulls lowerlip back and down |
| Masseter | Origin: Zygomatic Arch and Mixilla Insertion: Angle and ramus of mandible Action: prime mover of jaw closure |
| Temporalis | Origin: Temporal Fossa Insertion: Coronoid process of mandible Action: closes jaw |
| Buccinator | Origin: Mollar region of maxilla and mandible Insertion: Orbicular Oris Action: Draws corner of mouth laterally; compresses cheek (as in whistling); holds food between teeth during chewing |
| Trapezius | Origin: occipital bone;ligamentum nuchae; spines c7 + all thoracic vertebrae Insertion: Acromion and spinous process of scapula Action: Raises, rotates, & retracts scapula & stabilizes it |
| Sternocleidomastoid | Origin: Manubrium of sternum & medial portion of clavicle Insertion: Mastiod process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone Action: Simultaneous contraction of both muscles of pair causes flexion of the neck forward, rotate head |
| Pectoralis Major | Origin: clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, and aponeurosis of external oblique muscle Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus Action:Prim mover of arm flexion; adducts medially rotates arm |
| Pectoralis Minor | |
| Serratus Anterior | |
| Latissimus Dorsi | Origin: indirect attatchment of spinous processes of lower six thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae Insertion: floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus Action: prime mover of arm extension; adducts and medially rotates arm |
| External Intercostals | Origin: Inferior border of rib above Insertion: Superior border of rib below Action: pull ribs toward one another to elevate rib cage; aid in inspiration |
| Internal Intercostals | Origin: Superior border of rib below Insertion: Inferior border of rib above Action: Draws ribs together to depress rib cage; aid in forced expiration |
| Deltoid | Origin: lateral 1/3 of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula Insertion: Deltion Tuberosity of humerus Action: Acting as a whole, prime mover of arm abduction |
| Rotator Cuff Muscles | Subscapularis, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus |
| Subscapularis | |
| supraspinatus | |
| Infraspinatus | |
| Biceps Brachii | Origin: short head - coracoid process; long head - supraglenoid tubercle and lip of glenoid cavity Insertion: Radial tuberosity Action: flexion (powerful) of elbow and supination of forearm |
| Brachialis | |
| Triceps Brachii: | origin: long head- inferior margin of glenoid cavity; Lateral head- posterior humerus; Medial Head- distal radial groove on posterior humerus Insertion: olecranon of ulna Action: powerful forearm extensor |
| Flexor Group | |
| Extensor Group | |
| External Oblique | Origin: anterior surface of last eight ribs Insertion: Linea alba, pubic crest and tubercle, and iliac crest Action: compresses abdominal wall, aids in trunk rotation and lateral flexion |
| Internal Oblique | |
| Rectus Abdominus | Origin: pubic crest & symphasis Insertion: Xiphoid process and costal cartilage of ribs 5-7 Action: flexes and rotates vertebral column, stabilizes pelvis during walking |
| Transverse Abdominus | |
| Gluteus Maximus | Origin: Dorsal Ilium, sacrum, and coccyx Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract Ation: powerful thigh extensor (most effective when thigh is flexed, as in climbing stairs, not just walking |
| Gluteus Medius | |
| (quadriceps)Vastus Lateralis | Origin: greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, and linea aspera Insertion: tibial tuberosity and patella Action: Extends and stabilizes knee |
| (quadriceps)Vastus Medialis | Origin: Linea aspera and intertrochanteric line Insertion: tibial tuberosity and patella Action: extends; stabilizes patella |
| (quadriceps) Vastus Intermeduis | origin: anterior and lateral surface of femur Insertion: tibial tuberosity and patella Action: extends knee |
| (quadriceps) Rectus Femoris | Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine and superior margin of acetabulum Insertion: tibial tuberosity and patella Action: extends knee and flexes thigh at hip |
| (Hamstring) Biceps Femoris | Origin: Ischial tuberosity (long head); linea aspera and distal femur (short head) Insertion: tendon passes laterally to insert into head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia Action: extends thigh, flexes knee |
| (Hamstring) Semitendinosus (t=top) | Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: medial aspect of upper tibial shaft Action: Extens thigh, flexes knee |
| (Hamstring) Semimembranosus (bottom) | Origin Ishial tuberosity Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia; lateral condyle of femur |
| Tensor Fasciae Latae | |
| Tibialis Anterior | Origin: lateral condyle and upper 2/3 of tibia; interosseous membrane Insertion: by tendon into inferior surface of first cuneiform and metatarsal I Action: Prim mover of dorsiflexion |
| Sartorius | |
| Gastrocnemius | Origin: by two heads from medial and lateral condyles of femur Insertion: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Action: plantar flexes foot when knee is extended |
| Gracilis | |
| Soleus |
Created by:
Jessie V
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