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Enzymes
The Cell 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Metabolism | The sum of all chemical reactions within an organism |
| Catalyst | A substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up itself |
| Enzymes | Proteins that speed up a reaction without being used up in the reaction |
| Substrate | The substance with which an enzyme reacts |
| Product | The substance(s) the enzyme forms |
| Catabolic enzymes + example | Breaks substances into simpler parts (Amylase breaks down starch to maltose) |
| Anabolic enzymes + example | Converts simpler molecules into a more complex form (Photosynthesis - water and carbon dioxide to glucose) |
| Two factors that affect enzyme activity | Temperature, pH |
| Denatured enzyme | Has lost its shape and can no longer carry out its function |
| Bioprocessing | The use of enzyme-controlled reactions to produce a product |
| Bioreactor | A container in which living cells or their products are used to make a product |
| Immobilized enzymes | Enzymes that are attached to each other or an inert material |
| Two advantages of immobilized enzymes | They can be reused (reduces cost), and they can be recovered easily (easy purification) |
| Two uses of immobilized enzymes | Glucose isomerase turns glucose into fructose (Soft drinks, Lactase turns lactose into sweeter sugars (replaces condensed milk in soft toffee/caramel) |
Created by:
swinterburn
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