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Mr. Belyea
The Changing of the Earth-Lesson 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what way can rocks be changed | heated, compressed,cemented,twisted and melted |
| what is the rock cycle | the ways that rocks change from one form to another |
| what are igneous rocks | rocks formed from melted mantle that comes from deep inside the earth.when it cools it hardens to become igneous rock |
| what happens to the igneous rock in the rock cycle | the rock is weathered and breaks up into tiny pieces or rock call sand |
| how does the sand become sandstone in the rock cycle | a layer of sand is buried under layers of sediments. the weight of the sediments presses the sand grains together and chemicals can cement sand together to form sedimentary rock |
| what is sedimentary rock | rock that is formed when sediments such as sand are pressed or cemented together |
| how does sandstone become metamorphic rock | as the earth's plates move, sandstone is heated and put under enormous pressure and sandstone made of quartz will become quartzite |
| what is metamorphic rock | rock formed whe igneous or sedimentary rock is changed by heat or pressure |
| sequence the names in the rock cycle | igneous rock changes to sedimentary rock changes to metamorphic rock which can change to igneous rock |
| how does metamorphic rock change | intense heat and pressure deep within the earth can make metamorphic rock melt, when it cools it becomes igneous rock |
| how can organisms be part of rock cycle | shellfish use chemicals from the ocean to make shells and skeletons, when they die they fall to ocean floor and form sedimentary rock called limestone, under great heat and pressure limestone becomes marble a metamorphic rock |
| what are minerals | a natural non-living solid with a definite chemical structure. |
| how do minerals found in rocks change | the heat and pressure deep inside the earth may change the arrangements of the atoms |
| how does the mineral quartz found in sandstone (sedimenatry rock) change into quartzite (metamorphic rock) | the atoms in the sandstone are arranged in a pattern that forms small crystals, pressure and heat rearrange the atoms into larger crystals making the mineral quartzite, quartzite is stronger than quartz |
| how does mineral in limestone change | atoms in chalk, a type of limestone, rearrange when limestone becomes marble, marble is stronger that chalk |
| what affects how minerals form | the earth's forces |
| what are some properties of minerals | color, crystal patterns, and hardness |
| explain how the hardness scale works and give an example | the scale is used to determine mineral hardness, a harder material (higher number) will scratch a softer material (lower number). a fingernail (2 on scale) will scratch Talc (1 on scale) |
| what is hardest on scale | diamonds |
| which mineral is one of hardest and most abundant on earth | quartz |
| where do rivers carry eroded materials | to the ocean |
| what are the eroded materials called that the rivers carry to the ocean | sediments |
| where are the oldest sediments | at the ocean bottom |
| what do the sediments cover at the bottom of the ocean and why is it helpful | the sediments cover dead organisms and they will not be eaten, they will become fossils and the scientist will study the layers of the ocean and fossils |
| what do scientis learn from fossils | the history of the earth |
| what do scientist believe if they find a layer of shells in a mountain | that oceans once covered the area and that the land was once much lower |
| what do scientis believe if they find trunks of fossilized trees in water | that the area was once dry land |
| what do scientist believe if the find warm-weather plants in snow covered antarctica | that the continent was once much warmer |
| what do scientist believe if they find coal deposits | coal deposits often contain fern that grow in wet swampy areas, therefore the are would have been wet and swampy |
Created by:
mloft
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