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ECBModule5
SGQuestions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1a. Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space |
| 1b. Model | An explanation or representation of something that cannot be seen |
| 1c. Element | All atoms that contain the same number of protons |
| 1d. Molecules | Chemicals that result from atoms linking together |
| 1e. Physical Change | A change that affects the appearance but not the chemical makeup of a substance |
| 1f. Chemical change | A change that alters the makeup of the elements or molecules of a substance |
| 1g. Phase | One of the three forms- solid, liquid, gas- which every substance is capable of attaining |
| 1h. Diffusion | The random motion of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| 1i. Concentration | A measurement of how much substance exists within a certain volume |
| 1j. Semipermeable membrane | A membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but does not allow other molecules to pass through |
| 1k. Osmosis | The tendency of a solvent to travel across a semipermeable membrane into areas of higher solute concentration |
| 1l. Catalyst | A substance that alters the speed of a chemical reaction but does not get used up in the process |
| 1m. Organic molecule | A molecule that contains only carbon and any of the following: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and/or phosphorous |
| 1n. Biosynthesis | The process by which living organisms produce molecules |
| 1o. Isomers | Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula |
| 1p. Monosaccharides | Simple carbohydrates that are make up of two monosaccharides |
| 1q. Disaccharides | Carbohydrates that are made up of two monosaccharides |
| 1r. Polysaccharides | Carbohydrates that are made up of several monosaccharides |
| 1s. Dehydration reaction | A chemical reaction in which molecules combine by ejecting water |
| 1t. Hydrolysis | Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water |
| 1u. Hydrophobic | Lacking any affinity to water |
| 1v. Saturated fat | A lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms |
| 1w. Unsaturated fat | A lipid made from fatty acids that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms |
| 1x. Peptide bond | A bond that links amino acids together in a protein |
| 1y. Hydrogen bond | A strong attraction between hydrogen atoms and certain other atoms (usually oxygen or nitrogen) in specific molecules |
| 2. Describe where the protons, neutrons, and electrons are in an atom. | In an atom, protons and neutrons cluster together at the center, which is called the nucleus. Electrons orbit around the nucleus. |
| 3. What determines the vast majority of characteristics in an atom? | The number of electrons (or protons) in an atom determines the vast majority of its characteristics. |
| 4. What does the number after an atom's name signify? | When a number appears after an atom's name, it tells you the sum of protons and neutrons in the atom's nucleus. |
| 5. What is the difference between an element and an atom? | An element contains all atoms that have the same number of protons (and therefore the same number of electrons), regardless of the number of neutrons. An atom is a single entity, determined by its number of protons, electrons, and neutrons. |
| 6. How many electrons are in an atom that has 32 protons? | Since atoms have the same number of electrons and protons, there must be 32 electrons. |
| 7. How many atoms (total) are in a molecule of C3H8O? What atoms are present and how many of each atom? | The subscripts after the elemental abbreviations tell you how many of each atom is in the molecule. Thus, there are 3 carbon, 8 hydrogen, and 1 oxygen, for a grand total of 12 atoms. |
| 8. Identify as atom, element, or molecule: a.H2CO3 b.nitrogen-14 c.P | a. Molecule because it has several atoms linked together b.Atom because it specifies number of neutrons and protons c. Element because it is by itself but does not specify number of neutrons and protons |
| 9. If you add energy to the molecules of a liquid, will it turn into a gas or a solid? | Adding energy causes molecules to go from solid to liquid to gas. Thus, the liquid will turn into a gas. To turn it into a solid, you must take energy from it. |
| 10. A chemist wants to study diffusion. Should a semipermeable membrane be used? | A semipermeable membrane should not be used. For diffusion to work, both solute and solvent must be able to travel across the membrane. Semipermeable membranes typically allow only solvent molecules to pass. |
| 11. Two solutions of different solute concentration are separated by a membrane. After a while, the water levels of the two solutions change. Has osmosis or diffusion taken place? What kind of membrane is being used? | since the water levels changed, that means solvent traveled from one side of the membrane to the other, but solute did not. This is osmosis, which requires a semipermeable membrane. |
| 14. Other than using a catalyst, how can a reaction be sped up? | Reactions can also be sped up by increasing temperature. |
| 16What kind of reaction is used for building disaccharides, polysaccharides, fats, and proteins? What kind of reaction can break these substances down? | Dehydration reactions build up these molecules, and hydrolysis reactions, providing the proper enzyme exists, can break them down. |
| 18. Describe the pH scale and what it measures. | The pH scale measures the acidity of alkalinity of a solution. On this scale, 7 is neutral. Lower than 7 pH's are acidic, and higher are alkaline. The lower the pH the more acidic and the higher the pH the more alkaline. |
| 19. What are the basic building blocks of proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides? | Amino acids link together to make proteins, fatty acids link to glycerol to make lipids, and monosaccharides link together to make polysaccharides. |
| 20. If two proteins contain the same type and number of amino acids, but the order in which they link up are different, are the properties of the two proteins the same? | These proteins will not have the same properties. Not only the number and type but also the order of amino acids determine a protein's structure and function. |
| 21. What are enzymes and what are they usually used for? | Enzymes are a special class of proteins that are used as catalysts. |
| 22. What are the basic parts of a nucleotide? | The three basic parts of a nucleotide are the phosphate group, the sugar, and the base. |
| 23. How does DNA store information? | DNA stores information as a sequence of nucleotide bases, much like all of the English language can be stored as a sequence of dots and dashes in Morse code. |
| 24. What hold the two helixes in a DNA molecule together? | Hydrogen bonds between the nucleotide bases hold the two helixes of DNA together. |
Created by:
biowolf2013
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