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book F chapter 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| tension | stretches the crust so that it becomes thinner in the middle |
| compression | squeezes rock until it folds or breaks |
| shearing | pushes the rock in two opposite directions |
| because stress is a force it adds _____ to the rock | energy |
| normal faults is caused by _____ | tension |
| reverse faults are causes by ____ | compression |
| strike slip fault | rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways with little up or down motion |
| anticline | a fold in the rock that ends upward into an arch |
| syncline | a fold in the rock that bends downward to form a valley |
| plateau | a large area of flat land elevated above sea level |
| fault-block mountain | land between two normal faults that move upward |
| focus | the point in the ground where the rock breaks and triggers an earthquake |
| epicenter | the point on the surface directly above the focus |
| which waves arrive first, are the fastest moving, have compressional motion, least damaging, and travel through solids and liquids? | primary waves, also called p waves |
| which waves arrive second, have a side to side motion, and cannot travel through liquids? | secondary waves, also called s waves |
| which waves are the slowest of waves, have a up and down motion, and are the most damaging? | surface waves |
| which scale rates earthquakes based on the size of the seismic waves? | richter scale |
| the ground movement caused by the waves are measured by a ______. | seismograph |
| which scale is used to tell how much damage was done to homes and other buildings | mercalli scale |
| which scale estimates the total energy released by an earthquake | moment magnitude scale |
| tiltmeters | measures tilting or raising of the ground , works like a carpenters' level |
| creep meters | measures horizontal movement of the ground |
| GPS satellites | measures vertical and horizontal movement |
| the risks of an earthquake is high along faults where two plates meet with a lot of? | friction |
| the fault locks, and stress builds up until an ________ occurs. | earthquake |
| Geologists cannot predict earthquakes because they cannot be sure where and when ____ will be released along a fault | stress |
| Risk of earthquakes is high along the pacific coast of the united states because thats where the pacific and north american ____ meet | plates |
| liquefaction | when shaking turns loose soil into liquid mud |
| aftershocks | a smaller earthquake that happens after the larger earthquake |
| tsunamis | a giant wave caused by an earthquake in the ocean floor |
| in a normal fault , the hanging wall slips down relative to the? | footwall |
| _______ has rocks on either side that slip past each other. | strike-slip fault |
| in a reverse fault , the hanging wall moves up relative to the? | footwall |
Created by:
laurentaylor71
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