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Chapter 4

Call Structure and Function

TermDefinition
Cell the smallest unit that can carry on all processes of life
Cell Theory All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. Cells are the basic units of an organism. Each cell in a multicellular organism has a specific job. Cells come only from the reproduction of other existing cells.
Plasma Membrane The cell's outer boundary
Cytoplasm The region within the cell within the plasma membrane including the fluid, cytoskeleton, and all organelles except the nucleus.
Cytosol Part of the cytoplasm that includes molecules and small particles such as ribosomes but not membrane bound organelles
Nucleus Membrane bound structure containing the cell's DNA
Prokaryote Single-cell organisms that lack a membrane bound nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Bacteria
Eukaryote Organisms made up of one or more cells that have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
Organelle Well defined intracellular bodies that perform a specific function for the cell.
Tissue A group of similar cells and their products that perform specific functions.
Organ Groups of tissues that perform a particular job in an organism.
Organ System A group of organs that accomplish related tasks.
phospholipid bilayer a double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma and organelle membranes
chromosome Structures in the nucleus made of DNA and protein.
Nuclear envelope The double membrane surrounding the nucleus
Nucleolus The denser area of the nucleus.
Ribosomes Organelles made of RNA and protein responsible for building protein.
Mitochondrion Tiny organelles that transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP.
Endoplasmic Recticulum System of membranous tubes and sacs, intracellular highway. Assists in production processing and transport of proteins and in production of lipids
Golgi Aparatus They send protein to specicic parts of the cell. Layers of flattened sacs important for secretions from the cell using vescicles
Lysosome Contain digestive enzymes and buds from Golgi Apparatus
Cytoskeleton Help the cell keep its shape. network of protein filaments and tubes that plays an essential role in cell movement shape and division
Microtubule Small tubular fibers in the cytoplasm. Guide organelles and molecules as they move inside of the cell and provide structure
Microfillament Help the cell move and gives structure. Made up of protein actin
Cillium Hairlike structure on the outside of a cell
Flagellum Longer than the cillia structures on the outside of the cell
Centriole composed of two short microtubules at right angles to each other that has an active role in mitosis
Created by: jkjeans
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