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Ch.4 Vocab K.Renner

TermDefinition
passive transport the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell.
concentration gradient a difference in the concentration of a substance against a distance.
equilibrium the state in which a chemical reaction in the reverse chemical reaction occur at the same rate such as the concentrations of reactants and products do not change.
diffusion the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density.
osmosis the diffusion of water or another solvent from dilute solution (of a solute) to a more concentrated solution through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent.
hypertonic solution describes a solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside a cell.
hypotoinc solution a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell.
ion channel a pore in a cell membrane though which ions can pass.
carrier protein a protein that transports substances across a cell membrane.
facilitated diffusion the transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentrated gradient with the aid of carrier proteins.
active transport the movement of chemical substances, usually across the cell membrane, against the concentration gradient requires cells to use energy.
sodium potassium pump a carrier protein that uses ATP to use actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell.
endocytosis the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in vesicle to bring the particle inside the cell.
exocytosis the process by which a substance is released from a cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with membrane to let the substance out.
receptor protein a protein that binds specific signal molecules which causes the cell to respond.
second messenger a molecule that is generated when a specific substance attaches to a receptor on the outside of the cell membrane which produces a change in cellular function.
Created by: Biology2013
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