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Chapter 8
Control of Microorganisms in Environment
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| antiseptic | agents that prevent infection or sepsis |
| autoclave | apparatus for sterilizing objects by the use of steam under pressure |
| bactericide | agent kills bacteria |
| bacteriostatic | inhibiting the growth and reproduction of bacteria |
| biocide | chemical or physical agent, usually broad spectrum, that inactivates microorganisms |
| biological safety cabinets | specialized containers that use HEPA filters to project a curtain of sterile air across their opening, preventing microbes from entering or exiting the cabinet |
| chemotherapy | use of chemical agents to kill or inhibit microbial growth in tissues |
| decimal reduction time (D value) | time required to kill 90% of microorganisms or spores at a specific temperature |
| depth filter | fibrous or granular materials bound as a thick layer and used to retain microbial cells when contaminated liquids are passed through it |
| detergent | organic molecule other than a soap, that serves as a wetting agent and emulsifier; used as a cleanser, some used as antimicrobial agent |
| disinfectant | agent that kills, inhibits, or removes microorganisms that may cause disease. |
| fungicide | agent kills fungi |
| fungistatic | inhibiting the growth and reproduction of fungi |
| high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter | depth filter constructed to remove 99.97% particles that are 0.3 micrometers or larger |
| iodophor | antiseptic formed as complex of iodine and organic carrier |
| ionizing radiation | radiation of very short wavelength and high energy that causes atoms to lose electrons or ionize |
| pasteurization | process of heating milk and other liquids to destroy microorganisms that cause spoilage |
| sanitizer | agent that reduces the microbial population on an inanimate object to levels judged safe by public health standards |
| sterilant | agent that destroys or removes all living cells, viable spores, viruses, and prions from an object or habitat |
| tyndallization | process of repeated heating and incubation of liquids to destroy bacterial spores |
| use dilution test | test method used to determine the useful dilution of an antimicrobial agent by exposing specific bacteria to various dilutions of the agent |
| viricide | agent that inactivated viruses so that they cannot reproduce within host cells |
| Z value | temperature change at given D value required to reduce the microorganism population by 90% |
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