Transport of solute molecules across a membrane against a gradient; it requires a carrier protein and energy

complex sulfated polysaccharide that is used as a solidifying agent in the preparation of culture media

organism that uses CO2 as its principal source of carbon

microorganism that oxidizes reduced inorganic compounds to derive both energy and electrons; CO2 carbon source

chemolithoheterotroph

microrganism that used reduced inorganic compounds to derive energy and electrons; organic molecules are used as carbon source

chemoorganoheterotroph

organism that uses organic compounds as sources of energy, electrons, and carbons

organism that uses chemicals, either inorganic or organic, as its source of energy

assemblage of microorganisms growing on solid surface

facilitated diffusion

diffusion across a membrane through channels created by transmembrane proteins. The solutes move down their concentration gradient and no cellular energy is required

a transport process in which a molecule is moved across a membrane by carrier proteins while being chemically altered at same time

organism that used reduced, preformed organic molecules as its principal carbon source

organism that uses reduced inorganic compounds as its electron source

nutrients such as C, H, O, and N that are required in relatively large amounts (macronutrients)

nutrients such as Mn, Zn, and Cu, that are required in very small amounts (trace elements)

organism that uses reduced organic compounds as its electron source

membrane bound carrier protein or a system of two or more proteins that transports a substance across the plasma membrane

organism that uses light for energy and CO2 as its carbon source

organism that uses light for energy, an inorganic electron source and CO2 as carbon source

photoorganoheterotroph

a microorganism that uses light energy, organic electron sources, and organic molecules as a carbon source

organism that uses light as its source of energy

method by which microbes are inoculated into molten agar medium so that colonies form within the agar matrix. Commonly used for isolation and enumeration of microbes from natural environments

population of cells that are identical because they arose from single cell

small molecule that complexes with ferric iron and supplies it to a cell by aiding in its transport across a plasma membrane

technique by which microbes are diluted on an agar plate, using an inoculating loop, so that single colonies will form

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Chapter 6

Microbial Nutrition

Term	Definition
Active Transport	Transport of solute molecules across a membrane against a gradient; it requires a carrier protein and energy
Agar	complex sulfated polysaccharide that is used as a solidifying agent in the preparation of culture media
autotroph	organism that uses CO2 as its principal source of carbon
Chemolithoautotroph	microorganism that oxidizes reduced inorganic compounds to derive both energy and electrons; CO2 carbon source
chemolithoheterotroph	microrganism that used reduced inorganic compounds to derive energy and electrons; organic molecules are used as carbon source
chemoorganoheterotroph	organism that uses organic compounds as sources of energy, electrons, and carbons
chemotroph	organism that uses chemicals, either inorganic or organic, as its source of energy
colony	assemblage of microorganisms growing on solid surface
facilitated diffusion	diffusion across a membrane through channels created by transmembrane proteins. The solutes move down their concentration gradient and no cellular energy is required
group translocation	a transport process in which a molecule is moved across a membrane by carrier proteins while being chemically altered at same time
heterotroph	organism that used reduced, preformed organic molecules as its principal carbon source
lithotroph	organism that uses reduced inorganic compounds as its electron source
macroelements	nutrients such as C, H, O, and N that are required in relatively large amounts (macronutrients)
micronutrients	nutrients such as Mn, Zn, and Cu, that are required in very small amounts (trace elements)
Organotroph	organism that uses reduced organic compounds as its electron source
permease	membrane bound carrier protein or a system of two or more proteins that transports a substance across the plasma membrane
photoautotroph	organism that uses light for energy and CO2 as its carbon source
photolithoautotroph	organism that uses light for energy, an inorganic electron source and CO2 as carbon source
photoorganoheterotroph	a microorganism that uses light energy, organic electron sources, and organic molecules as a carbon source
phototroph	organism that uses light as its source of energy
pour plate	method by which microbes are inoculated into molten agar medium so that colonies form within the agar matrix. Commonly used for isolation and enumeration of microbes from natural environments
pure culture	population of cells that are identical because they arose from single cell
siderophore	small molecule that complexes with ferric iron and supplies it to a cell by aiding in its transport across a plasma membrane
streak plate	technique by which microbes are diluted on an agar plate, using an inoculating loop, so that single colonies will form

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