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Lecture
Chapter 32: Animal Diversity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many species are there extinct and living? | 1.8 million |
| What did animals diverge from and how long ago? | Fungi, 1 billion years ago |
| What were some of the first animals? | Sponges |
| What are the closest living to choanoflagellates? | Animals |
| Nutrition | Ingesting food and digesting inside the body |
| Collagen | Protein between cells that give in structure and glue them together. |
| Nerve Cells | Rapid communication, stimuli |
| Muscle Cells | Body movement |
| Skin | Regulate water loss |
| Circulatory system | Transport of nutrients and respritory gasses |
| Reproduction | Sexual life cycle dominated by diploid stage |
| Early Development is what? | All the same in animals |
| Cleavage | Miotic cell division |
| Blastula | Hollow ball of single cells |
| Gastrulation | Blastopore is formed, adult tissues develop |
| Radial Symmetry | Around central axis, can be cut in any direction |
| Bilateral Symmetry | One plane of symmetry, cut in half |
| Cephalization | Has a head |
| Asymmetry | No plane of symmetry |
| What does the embryo become layerd with during gastrulation | Tissue |
| Ectoderm | Outer layer of embryo |
| Endoderm | Inner layer of embryo |
| Mesoderm | layer between ectoderm and endoderm |
| Diploblastic | 2 germ layers |
| Triploblastic | 3 germ layers, ecto, endo, meso |
| What types of adult tissue does ectoderm form? | Skin, brain/nervous tissue |
| What types of adult tissue does mesoderm form? | Bones, muscles, blood, skin, reproductive organs |
| What types of adult tissue does the endoderm form? | Digestive and respritory organs |
| Coelom | mesoderm filled, fluid filled, between digestive tract and body wall |
| Acoelomate | No body cavity |
| Pseudocoelmates | Fluid filled, but not lined with a mesoderm |
| Coelomate | Mesoderm lined, fluid filled, between digest tract and body wall |
| What are development modes strictly for? | Coelmates |
| Protosome | Spiral/diagonal, determinate pattern |
| Dueterostomes | Radial, indeterminate pattern |
| In coelom formation what do the protosome and dueterostomes do? | Protosome: mesoderm is formed from ecto and endo Dueter: mesoderm is formed from pockets of endo |
| In the fate of the blastopore what do the protosome and dueterostomes do? | Protosome: mouth Dueter: Anus |
| Yolk | stored nutrients, become polar |
| Vegetal Pole | yolk end |
| Animal Pole | End with cells |
| What are the stages of embryonic development? | Fertilization, cleavage, blastula, gastrulation, organogenesis |
| Organogenesis | Germ layers form organs and organ systems |
| What does organogenesis require? | Differential expression genes |
| What regulates cellular differentation? | Hox Gene Complex |
Created by:
dpwafle0122
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