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C&H Chapter 2
Vocabulary from Cells and Heredity Chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Photosynthesis | The process by which plants and some other organisms capture the energy in sunlight and use it to make food. |
| pigment | A colored chemical compound that absorbs light |
| chlorophyll | a green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae and some bacteria |
| stomata | Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move. |
| autotroph | An organisms that makes its own food. |
| heterotroph | An organisms that cannot make its own food |
| respiration | The process by which cells break down simple food molecules to release the energy they contain. |
| fermentation | The process by which cells break down molecules to release energy without using oxygen |
| cell cycle | The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo. This is how asexual organisms reproduce. |
| interphase | The stage of cell cycle that takes place before cell division occurs; during this stage, the cell grows, copies its DNA and prepares to divide. |
| replication | The process by which a cell makes a copy of the DNA in its nucleus. |
| mitosis | The stage of the cell cycle during which the cells nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one copy of the DNA is distributed into each daughter cell |
| chromosome | A double rod of condensed chromatin; contains DNA that carries genetic information |
| chromatid | One of the identical rods of a chromosome. |
| cytokinesis | The final stage of the cell cycle, in which the cells cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the two new cells. |
| cancer | A disease in which some body cells grow and divide uncontrollably, damaging the parts of the body around them. |
| tumor | A mass of abnormal cells that develops when cancerous cells divide and grow uncontrollably. |
| mutation | A change in a gene or chromosome. |
| chemotherapy | The use of drubs to kill cancer cells. |