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chromosomal genetics
chapters 14 &15
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| true breeding | when recessive generations of offspring continue to display the same characteristics |
| example of a mono-hybrid cross | first parent has purple flowers and the second parent has purple flowers |
| allele | an alternative form of a gene |
| example of heterozygous genotype | Aa |
| example of homozygous dominant genotype | AA |
| example of heterozygous recessive genotype | aa |
| genotype | the genetic makeup |
| phenotype | the observable traits |
| test-cross | a genetic cross between a possible heterozygous offspring and true-breeding recessive parent |
| incomplete dominance | phenotype of offspring is an intermediate of two parental phenotypes |
| co-dominance | both alleles are expressed |
| epistasis | the interaction of two or more genes; one gene alters the phenotypic expression at a second gene |
| pleiotropy | an allele affects more than one trait |
| polygenic inheritance | the addictive effect of two or more genes on a single characteristic |
| at the molecular level, the alleles for the lysosomal enzymes involved in Tay Sach's disease exibit | incomplete dominance |
| auto-somes | the non-sex chromosomes |
| the genotype for a heterozygous individual that carries a trait but does not express it | (Aa) is a carrier |
| multifactorial disorder | disorders that have both a genetic an environment component |
| theory of inheritance | genes are found on chromosomes; chromosomes undergo segregation and independent assortment |
| X- | FEMALE w/ turner syndrome {mono} |
| XXY | MALE w/ klinefelter syndrome {tri} |
| XXX | FEMALE (normal){tri} |
| XYY | MALE w/ XYY CONDITION {tri} |
| -Y | NONVIABLE {mono} |
| barr body | inactive X chromosome in the cells of a human female |
| non-disjunction | failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis |
| aneuploidy | presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes |
| monosomic | missing a chromosome (always lethal) |
| trisomic | 3 copies of 1 chromosomes, or 1 extra copy (usually lethal) |
| Sutton and Boveri | developed the chromosomal theory of inheritance |
| T.H. Morgan | demonstrated the inheritance of a gene on a chromosome in fruit flies |
| in what two ways may chromosomal genetic disorders develop | alteration of chromosomal number/structure |
| mosaic | if two cell lines develop, each one having a different inactivated X chromosome |
Created by:
ccm5270
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