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Cell definitions
Cell organelles
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell | smallest working unit of living things |
| cell theory | principle stating that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the smallest working units of living things, and all cells come from preexisting cells by cell division |
| cell wall | tough, porous boundary that lies outside the cell membrane; found in plant cells and in some bacteria but not in any animals |
| cell membrane | Outer membrane of cells that controls movement of substances in and out of the cell. Contains a bilayer |
| chloroplast | •Usually found in plant cells •Contains green pigment chlorophyll •Where photosynthesis takes place •Produces plant food (sugars) and oxygen gas |
| chromatin | material of chromosomes that consists of DNA and proteins |
| cilia | short, hairlike projection of some cells. Used for movement |
| cytoplasm | portion of the cell outside the nucleus. Consists of a jelly like material where organelles are found |
| cytoskeleton | Cells skeleton. Supporting framework of a eukaryotic cell. Give the cell shape, strength and ability to move |
| eukaryote | organism made of cells that contain nuclei |
| flagellum | whiplike projection found on some cells; typically used for movement |
| Golgi Apparatus | •Protein 'packaging plant‘ •Modifies proteins and lipids made by the ER and prepares them for export from the cell. •Encloses digestive enyzymes into membranes to form lysosomes (transport pods). |
| Ribosomes | Each cell contains thousands Makes proteins. Found on endoplasmic reticulum & floating throughout the cell cytoplasm |
| Nucleus | “Control center” Directs cell activities Contains the genetic material (DNA) |
| Nucleolus | Dark-staining structure in the nucleus •Makes ribosomes that make proteins |
| Rough ER | *Network of continuous sacs, studded with ribosomes. •Internal delivery system of the cell. •Manufactures, pro-cesses, and transports proteins for export from cell. •Continuous with nuclear envelope. |
| Smooth ER | *Similar in appearance to rough ER, but without the ribosomes. • Produces lipids, involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and detoxification of drugs and poisons. |
| Lysosomes | Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates •Digestive enzymes break down cellular waste and debris •Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal •Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes |
| Mitochondria | •Cell “powerhouse” •Membrane bound organelles that are the site of cellular respiration (use glucose to produce cell energy, ATP) •Active cells like muscles have more mitochondria |
| Animal Vacuole | •Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal •Contains water solution |
| Plant Vacuole | Store water and nutrients needed by the cell. •Help support the shape of the cell. |
| Prokaeyotes | •Lack a membrane bound nucleus and organelles. •Genetic material is free in the cytoplasm •Ribosomes are only other cell structure |
Created by:
Mferraro
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