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Bioethics FSC

Bioethics Exam 1

TermDefinition
PAS patient ends life, pts choice
Euthanasia MD ends life, may/may not be pts choice "mercy killing"
utilitarianism theorists Bentham Mills
utilitarianism theory actions are right if they promote happiness for the majority cost/benefit
utilitarianism theory type consequentalist teleological
utilitarianism problems no justice
consequentialist theory consequences determine moral right/wrong
teleological theory end/goal directed
Kant wrote: The fundamental principles of metaphysics of morals - outlines what a person has to do to be moral
Kant's theory you should follow (mans) rules to that have to be universalized -become categorcial imperatives treat others a ends, not means to end; all living creatures have inherent worth
Kant's theory problems no consequences
Kant's theory type deontological
Deontological theory based on duty/obligation
WD Ross wrote: Right and Good -rejected Kant -combines utilitarianism and Kant
WD Ross Theory consider the rightness/goodness of each action (based on intuition)
WD Ross Theory Criticism my intuition different from yours
WD Ross Theory type Deontological
Ross's List of Duties Fidelity Reparation Gratitude Justice Beneficence Non-malficence Self-empowerment
Rawls wrote: A Theory of Justice -natural duties -original position
Rawls Theory concerned w liberty & rights of individuals societal ethics respect for persons
Moral Theory derived from Natural Law Ethics Whats good is naturual and what's natural is God's Law -scriptures/church explains God's law -Goal: follow God's law
Moral Theory Type teleological
Principle of Double Effect morally neutral action ---(intention)--> moral good ---(unintended side effects)---> moral bad Ex: removing pregnant woman's uterus bc of cancer
Principle of totality bodies designed by God, all parts exsist for the sake of the whole person -any action that damages body/removes part is morally wrong ex: euthanasia/PAS, abortion
Catholic Theology Moral Theology St. Thomas Aquinas problems: biology, physics
Nonmaleficence do no harm due care derived from Kant/Rawls
Beneficience promote welfare of others ex: social programs (medicaid/medicare/wic)
Utility cost/benefit greatest benefit for the majority
Distributive Justice equal treatment; similar situations handled the same way
Ways to distribute justice equally, contribution, need, effort
Autonomy right for the individual to make own decisions
Reasonable restrictions on autonomy harm principle, paternalism, legal moralism, welfare principle
Virtue ethics the person develops the right character (as a result of upbrining/education) will do the right thing based on character; right actions flow out of character concerned w moral virtues: compassion, kindness
Care ethics based on empathy Carol Gilligan: men/women have different ways to come up with a moral decision -men: rules, justice -women: empathy, care criticism: variation on beneficence
Feminist ethics social injustice based on unequal power
Origins of Morality Transcendental Biological basis - empiricism
Is there a RIGHT to decent minimum of healthcare? Kant:all have inherent self worth, goodwill Ross:rightness and goodness of actions, beneficence Rawls:respect for person, societal ethics Moral theo:totality - body designed by God, take care of it Moral theo:beneneficence, distributive justice
Created by: kallenpoole
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