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SLSBio12CS B.B.
SLS Bio 12 Cell Structure Brandon Baker
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell Membrane | functions as a semi-permeable barrier, allowing a very few molecules across it while fencing the majority of organically produced chemicals inside the cell. |
| Cell Wall | A rigid, but often flexible, layer containing cellulose or chitin, pectin, and other polymers. The cell wall is the outermost structure of plant, algal, fungal, and some prokaryotic cells. |
| Cellular Respiration | the metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic molecules. |
| Chloroplast | The organelle in plant cells and contains chlorophyll which helps with photosynthesis. |
| Chromatin | A condensed package of DNA and proteins in the nucleus of a cell. |
| Chromosome | A single piece of wound DNA bound to other stuff like proteins and nucleotides. |
| Cristae | each of the partial partitions in a mitochondrion formed by infolding of the inner membrane. |
| Cytoplasm | he material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus. |
| Cytoskeleton | The complex structure of protein filaments within the cytosol (fluid inside cells) that maintains cell shape and structure, controls cellular locomotion and cytosis |
| Golgi Bodies | An organelle in eukaryotic cells containing between three and seven flattened membrane disks called cisternae. |
| Lysosome | A spherical, membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains enzymes (catalysts) and other proteins that digest, or break down, substances that have been taken into a cell by phagocytosis |
| Matrix | the material in animal or plant cells, in which more specialized structures are embedded, and a specific part of the mitochondrion that is the site of oxidation of organic molecules. |
| Mitochondria | the main energy source of the cell. |
| Nuclear Envelope | A nuclear membrane, also known as the nuclear envelope, nucleolemma or karyotheca, is the double lipid bilayer membrane which surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus in eukaryotic cells. |
| Nuclear Pore | Any of the many perforations on the nucleus as a result of the assembly of nucleoporins that span the nuclear envelope |
| nucleolus | a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase. |
| nucleus | The membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells |
| Organelle | The general name given to the membrane-bound structures within a eukaryotic cell (the cells that have nuclei) that perform specific functions necessary for cell survival, growth, or reproduction. |
| polysome | a cluster of ribosomes held together by a strand of messenger RNA which each is translating. |
| ribosome | A complex structure made of proteins and ribosomal RNA, or rRNA. Ribosomes are found in all cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic. |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum | A highly membranous organelle in eukaryotic cells, aka cells with a membrane-bound nucleus, dotted with ribosomes |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | A highly membranous organelle in eukaryotic cells that is not associated with ribosomes. |
| vacuole | single-membrane organelles that are essentially part of the outside that is located within the cell. |
| vesicle | A small, sac-like organelle involved in the transport and storage of cellular substances, especially proteins marked for secretion from the cell, aka cell exit. |
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Bbaker12
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