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Lecture
Chapter 31 Fungi
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How do fungi get their food? | Decomposition |
| Where is the largest part of the fungi? | Underground |
| What is a single cell fungi? | Yest |
| How many species are there of fungi? | 100,000 |
| Whats the process of decomposition? | Break down dead organic material and recycle it for other organisms |
| How do heterotrophs feed? | Through absorbtion |
| What are the 2 steps in absorbtion? | 1. Secrete enzymes 2. Enzymes break the substance into small molecules which is then absorbed |
| What does the body structure of a fungi do? | Enhances ability to absorb nutrients |
| Mushroom Cap | Reproductive part that produces spores |
| Mycellium | Main body that is underground |
| Mycellium is not a what? | Root system |
| Hyphae | individual strands of mycelium |
| Septa | Gaps between hyphae |
| Coenocytic | Lacks cell walls & septa. One big super cell with a lot of nuclei |
| Haustoria | A specialized hyphae. |
| What does haustoria do? | extracts nutrients from plants |
| Mycorrhizae | Mutualism between fungi and a plants roots. |
| How does mycorrhizae benefit the plant? | Improves the delivery of phosphate and other minerals. |
| How does the plant benefit the mycorrhizae? | Provides fungi with carbohydrates and sugar |
| Plasmogamy | fusion of the cytoplasm |
| Heterokary (n+n) | Cell has cytoplasm and nuclei of both individuals, not yet fused |
| What stage might a fungi stay in for hours, days, years, centuries? | Heterokary |
| Karyogamy (2n) | Two nuclei fuse, form a single nuclei (zygote) |
| Through what stage is the zygote created? | Karyogamy |
| Zygote goes through what to produce spores? | Meiosis |
| What are the 5 groups of fungi? | Chytrids, zygomycetes, glomeromycetes, ascomycetes, basidiomycetes. |
| What are the 7 characteristics of Chytrids? | 1. Oldes 2.Flagella spores 3.Aquatic 4.Coenocytic 5.No mycellium 6.Single cell 7.Cause of frog population declines |
| What are the 2 characteristics of zygomycetes? | 1.Fast growing 2.Mostly asexual |
| What group of fungi is zygosporangium and zygospores part of? | Zygomycetes |
| What does the zygosporangium do? | Produces spores |
| What are zygospores? | spores of zygomycetes |
| How is the zygosporangium formed? | Two hyphae come together to form a heterokary cell, which goes through karyogamy to produce spores |
| What are the 2 characteristics of glomeromycetes? | 1. nearly all are mycorrhizae 2.some can be haustoria |
| Haustoria | A parasitic type of hyphae |
| Arbuscules | At the end of haustoria, allows for better attachment |
| What are the 4 characteristics of ascomycetes? | 1.Larges group 2.In marine, freshwater, and terrestrail habitats 3.Know as 'sac fungus' 4.Many form lichens |
| What are some types of ascomycetes? | Yeasts, morels, truffles |
| Whats a group of ascomycetes? | Cordyceps |
| What types of parasites are cordyceps? | Endoparasitoids, grow on insects and kill them. |
| Ascocarp | the fruiting body |
| What does the ascocarp produce? | Ascus |
| Ascus | contains spores |
| Ascospores | In the ascus |
| What are the 3 characteristics of basidiomycetes? | 1.'showy' fungus 2.Club Mushroom 3.Sexual reproduction only |
| What are some examples of basidiomycetes? | Mushrooms, puffballs, toadstools, shelf fungi |
| In basidiomycetes what is the mushroom cap called? | Basidiocarp |
| How is the basidiocarp formed? | Union of two mycelia from two different individuals |
| What do the gills contain? | Basidia |
| What do the basidia do? | produce spores |
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dpwafle0122
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