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SLS Bio12 Cell Struc
SLS Bio12 Cell Structure RG
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell Membrane | that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. Bi-Phospholipid |
| Cell Wall | tough, flexible but sometimes fairly rigid layer. It is located outside the cell membrane and provides these cells with structural support and protection, in addition to acting as a filtering mechanism |
| Cellular respiration | Metabolic reactions that use the energy primarily from carbs but also fatty acids or amino acids breakdown to produce ATP molecules |
| Chloroplasts | Site of photosynthesis for plants. Carbohydrate + Oxygen-> CO2 + water + energy (sugar) |
| Chromatin | Network of fibrils consisting of DNA and associated proteins observed within a nucleus that is not dividing |
| Chromosome | Rodlike structure in the nucleaus seen during cell division; contains the hereditary units or genes |
| Cristae | short, finger-like projections formed by the folding of the inner membrane of mitocondria (maximize surface area) |
| cytoplasm | Contents of a cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane that contains the organelles. |
| cytoskeleton | internal framework of the cell consisting of microtubles, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments.(structure) |
| Golgi Bodies | Organelle, consisting of flattened saccules and also vesicles, that process, packages, and distributes molecules about or from the cell. (recycle center) |
| Lysosome | Membrane- bounded vesicle that contains hydrolytic enzymes for digesting macro molecules. Engulfs foreign invaders. |
| matrix | unstructured (openspace) semifluid substance that fills the space between cells.contains DNA, ribosomes, and enzyes that break down carbs for energy used for production of ATP |
| Mitochondria | Site of aerobic cell respiration-production of ATP. Cristae provide increased surface area for the production of ATP for cells.Cellular respiration |
| nuclear envelope | Double membrane that surrounds the nucleus and is continuous with the ER. Holds DNA, genetic material |
| Nuclear pore | Opening in the nuclear envelope that permits the passage of protein into the nucleus and ribosomal subunits out of nucleus. |
| nucleolus | Dark-staining, spherical body in the nucleus that produces ribosomal subunits. Dark dense center |
| nucleus | Membrane bound, within eukaryotic cell that contains the structure and function of a cell.Contains the genetic material DNA Nucleoplasm-semifluid within nucleus Chromatin-threadlike DNA which has a grainy appearance; DNA plus protein |
| organelle | Small, often membranous structure in the cytoplasm, having a specific structure and function. |
| polysome | String of ribosome simultaneously translating regions of the same mRNA strand during protein synthesis. |
| ribosome | site of protein assembly Composed of rRNA subunits and proteins; two subunits Exist either as free ribosomes or bound to endoplasmic reticulum, in cytoplams |
| Rough ER | Complex system of sacs and channels Has attached ribosomes Serves as site of assembly of proteins for export Assembled proteins enter channels for processing Released in vesicles. Protein production |
| Smooth ER | Membrane bound. Synthesizes lipid products such as phospholipids and steroids In liver used to break down toxins and drugs Released in vesicles |
| Vacuole | Vacuoles are membranous sacs that store substances. For example: Water, Pigments, Toxins |
| Vesicle | "Vehicle" Small membrane bound, transport and move nutrients, proteins. Eg. Protein from Rough ER to Golgi, Golgi to Cell membrane and release |
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