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Exam 2
Zoology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two types of Platyhelminthes? | free swimming and parasitic |
| Body plan of Platyhelminthes? | acoelomates. the mesoderm produces mesodermal organs and parenchyna |
| What is in the Nervous system of Platyhelminthes? | transverse, longitudinal, cerebral ganglia--- nerve cords |
| What is Ocelli? | The photo receptor for Platyhelminthes. |
| What is the Auricle in Platyhelminthes? | chemsensory organ |
| How do Platyhelminthes reproduce? | Asexually by fission and sexually- monoecious. |
| What muscles do Platyhelminthes have? | longitudinal, circular, mesodermal |
| What kind of digestion do Platyhelminthes have? | extra and intra cellular digestion |
| Characteristics of Class Turbellaria? | -free swimming -intestine with many branches |
| Characteristics of Class Trematoda? (flukes) | -endoparasites - ANTERIOR adhesive organ |
| What are the hosts of Class Trematoda? | first host is mollusk second host are vertebrates |
| What classes of Platyhelminthes are endoparasitic? | Class Trematoda and Class Cestoda |
| Characteristics of Class Monogenea? (flukes) | - single host -POSTERIOR adhesive organ with hooks - ECTOPARASITE OF fish gills |
| Characteristics of Class Cestoda? (tape worms) | -endoparasites found in host digestive system -scolex and strobilia - proglottis with own reproductive structure in each |
| Do Class Cestoda have a digestive tract? | no |
| What is Gnathifera? | jaw bearing and pseudocoelomates |
| Nervous system of Rotifera? | eyespots, antennae, bilobed brain |
| Body plan of Rotfiera? | foot, trunk, head- pseudocoelomates |
| What is the corona? | ciliated structure around mouth |
| What is the digestion of rotifera? | Mastax=jaw for grinding food |
| Where is the excretion of Rotifera? | cloacal bladder and anus |
| What are the hosts of Acanthocephala? | definitve host= vertebrates intermediate host= arthopods |
| Do Acanthocephala have a digestives system? | no |
| What are Acanthocephalas? | endoparasites found in intestines. |
| How does Acanthocephala receive nutrients? | punctures hosts with tiny crypts and the lacunar system in tegument transports nutrients |
| Body plan of Mollusca? | Coelomates..head and foot |
| Coelomates? | mesentry...fold of tissues which supports and organizes organs |
| Nervous System of Mollusca? | several gangia with nerve cords |
| Reproduction of Mollusca? | mostly dioecious. |
| Circulatory system of Mollusca? | open circulatory system with heart, sinues, and veins |
| Respiration of Mollusca? | gills or lungs |
| Excretion of Mollusca? | pair of kidneys (metaniphredia) with ducts that also transport eggs and sperm |
| FEEDING OF MOLLUSCA? | mouth and radula----rasping tongue |
| Body PLan of Mollusca? | visceral mass contains all systems |
| What is the mantle? | the sheath of skin on dorsal. the outer surface secretes shell |
| Characteristics of Class Caudofoveata? | -worm like and shell less -calcareous scales produced by mantle -dioecious |
| Characteristics of Class Solengastres? | -worm like, shell less- calcareous scales produced by mantle - monoecious |
| Characteristics of Polyplacophora? | -7 to 8 dorsal plates of chitin -head foot mantle design -enlarged, muscular foot -mantle girdle creates grooves for gills |
| Reproduction of Polyplacophora? | dioecious...external fertilization or internal.. -trochophore larvae |
| Heart of Polyplacophora? | 3 chabered heart that pumps blood |
| Characteristics of Cephalopoda? | -gills in mantle cavity -Nervous system is the most advanced for invertebrates -closed circulatory system with branchial heart |
| Feeding of Cephalopoda? | -capture with tentacles obreak down with beak like jaw and radula |
| Shell in Cephalopoda? | Shell is only present in Nautilus. |
| Shell of Cuttlefish and Squid? | covered by mantle |
| Squid shell? | absent shell |
| Chromatophore? | pigment cells that can expand and contract to change color |
| Locomotion of Cephalopoda? | -jet propulsion with funnel -crawling with tentacles |
| reproduction of Cephalopoda? | dioecious- males transport spermatophore into females using tentacles |
| Class Gastropoda development? | trochophore to veliger |
| torsion? | migration of anus and mantle cavity, both ending above head |
| Shell of Gastropoda? | coiled |
| Respiration of Gastropoda? | gills or vascularised mantle cavity. opening is pneumostome |
| Reproductino of Gastropoda? | monoecious or dioecious...exchange of spermatophores |
| Characteristics of Monoplacophora? | Single flat shell, univalved shell -serial repetition nephridia, gonads, gills |
| Class Bivalvia Characteristics? | -lost cephalization and radula -shell used for protectio, locomotion, scraping |
| feeding for Bivalvia? | filter feeding- gills strain out food by mucus of labial palps -stomach has crystalline style that churns food |
| respiration of Bivalvia? | gills |
| locomotion of Bivalvia? | foot or shell propulsion |
| reproduction of Bivalvia? | dioecious with internal fertilization -specialized veligers called glochidia that are ectoparasites on fish gills |
| Characteristics of Scaphopoda? | -tusk shells or tooth shells -tubular shell open at both ends -mantle is completely wrapped around visceral and fused to form tube -foot comes out of larger end to burrow into sediment |
| Characteristics of Annelidas? | -segmentation-metamerism -coelomates |
| Circulatory system of Annelids? | closed...dorsal and ventral blood vessels that penetrate segments |
| Nervous system of Annelids? | cerebral ganglia in each segment. ventral nerve cord. giant axons |
| Movement of Annelids? | peristaltic or undulations(leeches) |
| What are setae on Annelida? | hair like structures prevent slipping backwards |
| Characteristics of Polychaeta? | -segmented body - most diverse -well defined head |
| What are parapodia responsible for? | -movement and respiration -water circulation for tube dwellers |
| Reproduction of Polychaeta? | No permanent sex organs! -temporary gonads in peritoneum -gametes travel out through nerphridia -fertilization is external -dioecious |
| Characteristics of Oligochaeta? | -clitellum -critical of nutrient cycle in soil -segmented |
| Digestive system of Oligochaeta? | well developed.. esophogus-->crop-->gizzard-->intestine |
| Characteristics of Hirundinea? | -Anterior and posterior sucker -no setae or parapodium -segemented with NO septa -lack digestive enzymes |
| Bloodsucking adaptations of Hirundinea? | -proboscis or muscular pharynx with 3 jaws -saliva gland produces anticoagulant |
| DO Nematoda have a respiratory or circulatory system? | no |
| What is Nematoda cuticle made out of? | collagen |
| What kind of NS Nematoda? | simple nervous system |
| What muscle do Nematoda have? | longitudinal muscle |
| Are Nematoda free living or parasitic? | both free living and parasitic |
| What is Nematoda digestion system? | -complete system -intestinal wall only 1 layer -defacation relies on hydrostatic pressure |
| What is the metabolism of Nematoda? | aerobic and anaerobic |
| Reproduction of Nematoda? | -dioecious -males have spicule to aid in insemination -sperm cells are amoeboid |
| Body plan of Nematoda? | pseudocoelom -hydrostatic skeleton |
| Ecdysozoans? | cuticle that is molted(ecdysis) |
| Where do large roundworm eggs hatch? | only hatch when they are injested |
| Juvenile stage of roundworms? | in lungs, causes pneumonia |
| Adult stage of roundworms? | small intestine. 200,000 eggs a day |
| Adult Hookworms? | adults have hook shaped attached to intestinal wall |
| Juvenile stage of hookworms? | juveniles hatch in soils, borrow into contacted skin |
| Juvenile stage of trichinella? | penetrate blood vessels |
| Adult stage of trichinella? | small intestines |
| Trichinella are able to control? | they are able to control gene expression by penetrating skeletal muscle cell |
| What is the most common worm parasite? | Pinworms |
| Movement of a pinworm? | starts in large intestine and then travels to anus |
| Adult stage of filarial womrs? | adults in lymphatic system |
| Intermediate host of filarial worms ? | insects |
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