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Pharmacology – First
Adverse effects of medications
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What drugs cause Cardiovascular Atropine-like side effects | Tricyclics |
| What drugs cause Cardiac toxicity | Doxorubicin (Adriamycin), daunorubicin |
| What drugs cause Coronary vasospasm | Cocaine |
| What drugs cause Cutaneous flushing | Niacin, Ca2+ channel blockers, adenosine, vancomycin |
| What drugs cause Torsades des pointes | Class III (sotalol), class IA (quinidine), cisapride |
| What drugs cause Agranulocytosis | Clozapine, carbamazepine, colchicine |
| What drugs cause Aplastic anemi | Chloramphenicol, benzene, NSAIDs |
| What drugs cause Gray baby syndrome | Chloramphenicol |
| What drugs cause Hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients | IS PAIN isoniazid (INH), Sulfonamides, primaquine, aspirin, ibuprofen, nitrofurantoin |
| What drugs cause Thrombotic complications | OCPs (e.g., estrogens and progestins) |
| What drugs cause Cough | ACE inhibitors |
| What drugs cause Pulmonary fibrosis | Bleomycin, amiodarone, busulfan |
| What drugs cause Acute cholestatic ;hepatitis | Macrolides |
| What drugs cause Focal to massive ;hepatic necrosis | Halothane, valproic acid, acetaminophen, Amanita phalloides |
| What drugs cause Hepatitis | INH |
| What drugs cause Pseudomembranous ;colitis | Clindamycin, ampicillin |
| What drugs cause Gynecomastia | (Some Drugs Create Awesome, Excellent Knockers) Spironolactone, Digitalis, Cimetidine, Alcohol chronicuse, Estrogens, Ketoconazole |
| What drugs cause Hot flashes | Tamoxifen |
| What drugs cause Gingival hyperplasia | Phenytoin |
| What drugs cause Osteoporosis | Corticosteroids, heparin |
| What drugs cause Photosensitivity | (SAT for a photo) Sulfonamides, Amiodarone, Tetracycline |
| What drugs cause SLE-like syndrome | (it’s not HIPP to have lupus) |
| What drugs cause Tendonitis, tendon rupture, and cartilage damage (kids) | Fluoroquinolones |
| What drugs cause Fanconi’s syndrome | Expired tetracycline |
| What drugs cause Interstitial nephritis | Methicillin |
| What drugs cause Hemorrhagic cystitis | Cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide |
| What drugs cause Cinchonism | Quinidine, quinine |
| What drugs cause Diabetes insipidus | Lithium, demeclocycline |
| What drugs cause Tardive dyskinesia | Antipsychotics |
| What drugs cause Disulfiram-like reaction | Metronidazole, certain cephalosporins, procarbazine, sulfonylureas |
| What drugs cause Nephrotoxicity & neurotoxicity | Polymyxins |
| What drugs cause Nephrotoxicity & ototoxicity | Aminoglycosides, loop diuretics, cisplatin |
| P-450 Inducers | "Queen Barb takes Phenphen ;and Refuses Greasy Carved Steak" Quinidine (can inhibit too), Barbiturates, Phenytoin, Rifampin, Griseofulvin, Carbamazepine, St. John’s wort |
| P-450 Inhibitors | Inhibitors Stop CyberKids from Eating Grapefruit. Isoniazid; Sulfonamides; Cimetidine; Ketoconazole; Erythromycin; Grapefruit juice |
| Iron Poisioning Mech | Cell death due to peroxidation of membrane lipids |
| Iron Poisioning Symps | acute gastric bleeding chronic metabolic acidosis, scarring (leading to GI obstruction) |
| Inhibited by Disulfiram | Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase |
| Competitive substrates for Alcohol dehydrogenase | Ethylene glycol, Methanol, Ethanol |
| Ethylene glycol toxicity | Acidosis, nephrotoxicity |
| Methanol toxicity | Severe acidosis, retinal damage |
| Ethanol toxicity | Nausea, vomiting, headache, hypotension |
| The toxicity of which alcoholic compound causes Acidosis, nephrotoxicity | Ethylene glycol |
| The toxicity of which alcoholic compound causes Severe acidosis, retinal damage | Methanol |
| The toxicity of which alcoholic compound causes Nausea, vomiting, headache, hypotension | Ethanol |
| Too much Ethylene glycol can cause what compound to build up? | Build up of Oxalic acid |
| Too much Methanol can cause what compound to build up? | Build up of Formaldehyde;and formic acid |
| Too much EtOH can cause what compound to build up? | Build up of Acetaldehyde |
| If you have a buildup of Oxalic acid, what type of alcohol toxicity is it? | Ethylene glycol |
| If you have a buildup of formaldehyde, what type of alcohol toxicity is it? | Methanol |
| If you have a buildup of acetaldehyde, what type of alcohol toxicity is it? | Ethanol |
| Drugs that cause problems in patients with sulfa allergies | Celecoxib, furosemide, thiazides, TMPSMX, sulfonyureas, sufasalazine |
| Herbal agents Clinical uses and Toxicities Echinacea | Common cold; no major toxicities |
| Herbal agents Clinical uses and Toxicities Ephedra | Same as ephedrine; CNS and cardiovascular stimulation; arrhythmias, stroke, and seizures at high doses |
| Herbal agents Clinical uses and Toxicities Feverfew | Used for migraine. Adv: mouth ulcers, antiplatelet actions |
| Herbal agents Clinical uses and Toxicities Ginkgo | Used for Intermittent claudication. Adv: anxiety, insomnia, antiplatelet actions |
| Herbal agents Clinical uses and Toxicities Kava | Used for Chronic anxiety. Adv: sedation, ataxia, hepatotoxicity, phototoxicity, dermatotoxicity |
| Herbal agents Clinical uses and Toxicities Milk thistle | Used for Viral hepatitis. Adv: Loose stools |
| Herbal agents Clinical uses and Toxicities Saw palmetto | Used for Benign prostatic hyperplasia. Adv: ↓ libido, hypertension |
| Herbal agents Clinical uses and Toxicities St. John’s wort | Used for Mild to moderate depression. Adv: phototoxicity; serotonin syndrome;with SSRIs; induces P450 system |
| Herbal agents Clinical uses and Toxicities Dehydroepiandrosterone | Used for Symptomatic improvement in females with SLE or AIDS Androgenization (premenopausal women), estrogenic effects (postmenopausal), feminization (young men) |
| Herbal agents Clinical uses and Toxicities Melatonin | Used for Jet lag and insomnia. Adv: Sedation, suppresses midcycle LH, hypoprolactinemia |
Created by:
christinapham
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