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biology chpt 8

mitosis

TermDefinition
Why do cells divide to make more cells, reproduce; to repair body tissues; growth of the organism
chromosome condensed DNA
chromatid 1 of 2 identical copies of a chromosome
chromatin loose uncondensed chromosomes
Cell cycle Life cycle of a cell
Interphase normal cellular activity, occupies most of cell life, G1, S, G2
Mitosis division of the nucleus
cytokinesis cytoplasm divides
prophase nuclear membrane dissolves, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, centrioles separate.
metaphase chromosomes line up in middle of cell, spindle fibers attach to each chromosome
spindle fiber specialized form of microtubule
anaphase sister chromatids separate and are moved apart as spindle fibers pull
telephase spindle fibers disassemble, nuclear membrane nucleolus forms, chromosomes returnto chromatin
cytokinesis cytoplasm splits as the cell membrane pinches in the middle
Regulation of cell cycle 3 main check points
uncontrolled cell growth and division cancer
meiosis I: prophase I Chromosomes pair with homologous chromosomes, crossing over occurs
synapsis chromosomes pair with homologous chromosomes
tetrad pair of homologous chromosomes
Crossing over portions of chromatids break off and attach to adjacent chromatids at corresponding segments
crossing over creates new mixture of genetic material, occurs phase 1
Meiosis I: metaphase I tetrads line up
Meiosis I: anaphase I homologous chromosomes moves to an opposite pole
independent assortment random separation of homologues, results in genetic variation
Meiosis I telephase I and cytokinesis I chromosomes reach opposite ends cytokinesis begins
Meiosis I 2 new cells produced contains half the chromosomes, 2 copies of chromatids
Meiosis II DNA is not copied, four new cells formed, half of original #of chromosomes, haploid
Meiosis II anaphase II chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
Gametes cells resulting from meiosis, sex cells, sperm and egg
homologous 2 identical sets of chromosomes
diploid 2n, has 2 homologues of each chromosome, pairs
haploid 1n, sex cells, egg and sperm cells
prokaryotic cell circular chromosome, not coiled
binary fission process by which bacteria reproduce
Created by: kathy.holtkamp
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