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test1 part2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| metabolism | all enzyme-requiring chemical reactions that occur in a cell, growth, repair, reproduction |
| Catabolism | breakdown of COMPLEX molecules to SIMPLER ones, exergonic(releases energy), uses H2O to break bonds(Hydrolysis) |
| Hydrolysis | adds H2O to break chemical bonds |
| Exergonic | energy releasing |
| anabolism | a chemical reaction, simpler substances are combined to form complex molecules(Biosynthetic), thru dehydration synthesis, endergonic(energy using) |
| endergonic | energy requiring |
| dehydration synthesis | removes H2O to create a chemical bond |
| metabolic pathways | a sequence of enzymatically catalyzed reactions occurring in a cell |
| collision Theory | a chemical reaction occur b/c energy is gained as particles collide |
| activation energy | is minimum collision energy required for a chemical reaction to occur |
| Reaction Rate | frequency of collisions containing sufficient energy to bring about a reaction |
| Catalyst | a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction |
| Enzymes | a molecule that catalyzes a reaction |
| Substrate | any compound w/which an enzyme reacts |
| enzyme-substrate complex | a temporary union of an enzyme & its substrate |
| turnover number | number of substrate molecules acted on per enzyme molecule per second |
| apoenzyme | protein portion, requires activation by a coenzyme, INACTIVE |
| CoFactor | non-protein enzyme, it can act w/other microbes to cause disease Fe, Zn, Mg, ACTIVATOR |
| CoEnzyme | is a organic/inorganic CoFactor |
| Holoenzyme | Whole Enzyme-Active Apoenzyme+CoFactor/CoEnzyme |
| Denaturation | a change in structure of a protein, making it non-functional |
| Saturation | the active site of an enzyme is occupied by the substrate or product @ all times |
| Competitive Inhibitors | a chemical that competes w/normal substrate for the active site |
| non-Competitive Inhibitors | doesn't compete w/substrate for active site, it binds to allocate site and the active site changes shape |
| Ribozyme | an enzyme consisting of RNA, removes and splices |
| DNA gyrase/topoisomerase | relaxes supercoiling ahead of the replication fork |
| DNA Ligase | joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand |
| DNA polymerase | synthesizes DNA, proofreads and repairs DNA |
| Helicase | unwinds double-stranded DNA |
| RNA Polymerase | copies RNA |
| RNA primase | makes RNA primers |
| Ribosomal RNA(rRNA) | forms ribosomes for protein synthesis |
| Transcription | genetic info is copied into a complimentary base sequence of RNA |
| the process of transcription begins w/ | RNA polymerase & supply of RNA nucleotides **RNA polymerase binds to the DNA site(promoter) |
| promoter site | starting site on a DNA strand for transcription of RNA by RNA polymerase |
| Terminator site | site on DNA were transcription ends |
| Translation | takes place Ribosomes, uses mRNA as a template in the synthesis of protein |
| mRNA | carries codes/CODON's, from DNA, along the Ribosomes |
| Codons | group of 3 nucleotides in mRNA specifies insertion of amino acid into peptide |
| Transfer RNA(tRNA) | brings amino acid to ribosomal site, to be incorporated into protein |
| anti-codon | are 3 nucleotides by which tRNA recognizes an mRNA codon |
| RNA's Codes | Urasil=Adenine Cytosine=Guanine |
| genetic code | the mRNA codons and the amino acids they encode to make polypeptide chain (protein) |
| Sense codon's | code for amino acid |
| non-sense codon's(STOP) | signal the end of protein synthesis |
| genotype | genetic makeup of organism |
| phenotype | the external manifestation of an organism's genotype, or genetic makeup |
| genetics | science of hereditary, carry info, they replicate |
| genome | genetic info in a cell, chromosomes an plasmids |
| chromosomes | structures containing DNA |
| genes | segment of DNA |
| base pairs DNA | Adenine=Thymine Cytosine=Guanine |
| transferase | transfer of functional groups, amino acids or phosphate |
| hydrolase | adding H2O |
| Lyase | Removal of groups of atoms w/out hydrolysis |
| Isomerase | Rearrangement of atoms w/in a molecule |
Created by:
phantom
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