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Micro Test 2
Bacteria and Viruses
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Staphylococcus | Gram + cocci, pairs, catalase +, halotolerant |
| Micrococcus | Gram + cocci, tetrads, catalase +, strict anaerobe |
| Peptococcus | Gram + cocci, ferment peptone, obligate anaerobe, individuals |
| Peptostreptococcus | Gram + cocci, ferment peptone, obligate anaerobe, chains |
| Streptococcus | Gram + cocci, chains, catalase -, fermentation produces lactic acid, aerotolerant |
| Bacillus | Gram + rod, endospore, catalase +, forms capsule, source of bacteria |
| Clostridium | Gram + rod, endospore, strict anaerobe |
| Propionibacterium | Gram + rod, anaerobe, ferments lactic acid to make propionic acid and CO2 |
| Eubacterium | Gram + rod, obligate anaerobe, major flora of large intestine |
| Actinomyces | Gram + rod, form branching filaments, do not form spores |
| Streptomyces | Gram + rod, form branching filaments, form spores, source of antibiotics |
| Pseudomonas | Gram - rod, aerobic, polar flagella, oxidase + |
| Legionella | Weak gram stain -, obligate aerobe, polar flagella, NO fermentation at all, transmitted through droplets |
| Neisseria | Gram - cocci, aerobic, pairs, non-motile |
| Brucella | Gram - small rod, non-motile, spontaneous abortions in cattle, aerobic |
| Bordetella | Gram - coccobacillus, obligate aerobe, whooping and kennel cough, some flagellated |
| Francisella | Gram - coccobacillus, obligate aerobe, rabbit fever (hunters, taxidermists), bioterror |
| Enteric Bacteria | Gram - straight rod, facultative aerobes, ferment glucose, catalase +, oxidase - |
| Escherichia | Gram - rod, indole +, peritrichous flagella, usually non-pathogenic, can ferment lactose |
| Shigella | Gram - rod, facultative anaerobe, non-motile, no gas from glucose, no acid from lactose, food/water borne, closely related to E. coli |
| Salmonella | Gram - rod, facultative anaerobe, motile, polar flagella, produce H2S, GI tracts of birds/rodents |
| Kelbsiella | Gram - rod, facultative anaerobe, non-motile, urease +, causes sever pneumonia |
| Enterobacter | Gram - rod, facultative anaerobe, usually yellow pigment, VP +, produces butanediol produced, motile, water/sewage |
| Serratia | Gram - rod, facultative anaerobe, motile, red pigment, DNase +, gelatinase + |
| Proteus | Gram - rod, facultative anaerobe, highly motile, peritrichous flagella, urease +, swarming phenomenon |
| Yersinia | Gram - short thick rod, facultative anaerobe, motile at RT, not at 37C, urease +, cause of plague |
| Vibrio | Gram - curved rod, facultative anaerobe, oxidase +, fermentative, flagellated, aquatic and bioluminscent |
| Haemophilus | Gram - short rod, facultative anaerobe, may form capsule, needs BAP or chocolate agar |
| Gardnerella | Gram - tiny rod, facultative anaerobe, once classified as haemophilus, normal in female urogenital tract, also likes blood proteins |
| Bacteroides | Gram - short rod, obligate anaerobe, non-sporulating, human fecal matter |
| Camplyobacter | Gram - spirilla, microaerophilic, optimum growth at 42C, normal flora in birds/kangaroos, second leading cause of food borne illness |
| Helicobacter | Gram - spirilla, microaerophile, knobs at end of flagella, survives in acidic condition by producing urease |
| Treponema | Gram - spirochete with flattened coil, anaerobic, very thin, syphilis |
| Borrelia | Gram - spirochete with large spirals, microaerophilic, carried by lice ticks, replace surface antigens |
| Leptospira | Gram - spirochete bent at end, aerobic, contact with contaminated urine (deer, dogs, etc) |
| Rickettsia | Gram - intracellular, carried by arthropod vectors, highly infectious, fevers |
| Chlamydia | Gram - biochemically, intracellular, extremely small, parasitic, no arthropod vectors, airborne (elementary body) |
| Thermotoga | Hyperthermophilic, stain gram -, rod with toga, optimum growth at 80C, anaerobic (fermentative and anaerobic respiration using Fe3+) |
| Tobacco Mosaic Virus | ssRNA + sense, first to be recognized, damages obacco and tomato, only 4 proteins encoded, rod with helical symmetry |
| Picornavirus | ssRNA + sense, very small, naked, polyhedral, more than 150 species |
| Norwalk Virus/ Norovirus | ssRNA + sense, small, naked, cruise ship infections, fecal contamination or person to person |
| Togavirus | ssRNA + sense, small, picks up envelop when it infects cell, maturation involves budding, Rubella/ Equine encephalitis |
| Flavivirus | ssRNA + sense, enveloped, transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks, yellow fever, West Nile fever, and Dengue fever |
| Coronavirus | ssRNA + sense, enveloped, largest genome for RNA virus, crown/spiked, common cold and SARS |
| Retrovirus | ssRNA + sense, enveloped, spherical, 2 copies of + sense RNA, contains reverse transcriptase enzyme, insert into host chromosome |
| Rabies Virus/ Rhabdovirus | ssRNA - sense, medium sized, enveloped, bullet shaped, post exposure immunization possible |
| Paramyxovirus | ssRNA - sense, medium, enveloped, measles/ mumps/ respiratory infections- near mucus |
| Influenza/ Orthomyxovirus | ssRNA - sense, medium, enveloped, helical to spherical, mucus, genome in 8 segments, surface antigens H and N |
| Ebola, Marburg/ Filovirus | ssRNA - sense, enveloped, filamentous, emerging virus, hemorhagic fever |
| Hantavirus | ssRNA - sense, medium, enveloped, spherical, genome in 3 segments, rodents are usual host |
| Rotavirus | dsRNA, small, naked, polyhedral, dangerous for infants/ young kids |
| Adenovirus | linear dsDNA, medium, icosahedral, naked, 12 spikes, resistant to chemicals, used for gene therapy techniques |
| Herpesvirus | linear dsDNA, large, enveloped, more than 100 types, exhibits latency |
| Poxvirus | linear dsDNA, very large, enveloped, skin lesions, vaccine |
| Papillomavirus/ Papovavirus | circular dsDNA, naked, small, replicates in nucleus, warts |
| Hepatitis B Virus/ Hepadnavirus | circular dsDNA but partial ssDNA, small, enveloped with spikes, polyhedral |
| Parvovirus | ssDNA, small, naked, often requires co-infection, Fifth disease, serious for dogs |
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esims2
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