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chapter 3

questions

QuestionAnswer
what are the organic compounds of life? carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
what are the general functions of organic compounds? source of energy, energy storage, structural components of cells, and metabolic regulators
what does carbons importance in life arise from? versatile bonding behavior
what can carbon atoms share 4 electrons with? electrons of functional groups or electrons of other elements
name some functional groups hydroxide group, amino group, phosphate group, and carboxyl group (all are polyatomic ions)
what are names for the reaction were polymers are the products? condensation, synthesis, dehydration, anabolic
what are names for the reactions where it is the breaking down of polymers? hydrolysis, degradation, catabolic
what is the most abundant of all organic compounds and are sweet and soluble in water? carbohydrates
what are the functions of carbohydrates? energy source(ATP) and stored energy source
name the four categories of carbohydrates in order. monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides
what are pentose? the five carbon monosaccharides examples: ribose and deoxyribose
what is a hexose? the six carbon monosaccharides emaples: glucose, galactose, and fructose
what are disaccharides bonded together with? glocosidic bonds
what is sucrose? table sugar, disaccharide,glucose bonded to fructose
what is lactose? disaccharide, found in milk, glucose bonded with galactose
what is maltose? found in beans and grains, disaccharide, two glucose bonded together
how are polysaccharides arranged? branched or straight chained
what are starches? strongest form of carbohydrates in plants
what is amylose? straight chained starch
WHAT IS AMYLOPECTIN? BRANCHED CHAIN TYPE OF STARCH
what is glycogen? storage form of carbohydrates in animals, extensively branched, found in liver and muscle cells
what is cellulose? bataglycosidic, straight chain glycose polymer, in the cell wall in plants, not digestable by animals
what is chitin? glycose polymer, structural material for the exoskeleton, found in fungi
What are the function of lipids? energy reservoirs, structural components of cells, chemical messengers
what is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids? saturated do not contain double bonds
what are the group of lipids that contain oils and fats and is the most abundant? triglyserides
how are fatty acids bonded to the glycerol molecule in triglycerol? ester bonds
what are saturated triglycerides? fats
what are unsaturated triglycerides? oils
what is the monomers of phosphoipids? glycerol and two fatty acids
what are the functions of phospholipids? primary structural units of the membrane of cells, emulsifiers(way to make lipids soluble)
what are the functions of sterols? bile salts are made, vitamin D
what are the monomers of protiens? amino acids
what are more then one amino acid linked together? polypeptides
what are the functions of protiens? metabolic regulators(emzems) cell to cell connections
what are the monomers of nucleic acids? nucliotides
what does a nucleotide consists of? 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base
Created by: holiver13
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