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Chapter 3
Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| organic compound | hydrogen and other elements are covalently bonded to carbon |
| functional group | group of atoms bonded together that behave chemically as if they are one unit |
| condensation reaction | enzymatic reaction which two moelcules are bonded together |
| hydrolysis | the breaking down of polymers |
| carbohydrates | organic compound that consists of C H O in a 1:2:1 ratio |
| monosaccharides | simpilest of carbohydrates can contain 3-6 carbons |
| glycosidic bond | covalent bond between monosaccharides |
| oligosaccharides | few sugars, contain 3-10 monosaccharides |
| polysaccharides | made of only glucose complex, starches.. can be strait or branched |
| lipids | C H O fewer O then C greasy fatty to the touch not soluable in water |
| Fatty Acids | straight hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end and mytheyl group at the other |
| Triglyceride | most abundant lipid fats and oils, contains glycerol and three fatty acid tails |
| Fats | saturated triglyceride, glycerol with 1,2,3 fatty acid tails |
| phospholipid | primary structural unit of the cell membrane 2 fatty acids |
| sterol | 4 interlocking carbon rings; example cholesterol component of cellular membrane |
| protiens | C H O N most diverse of all organic compounds |
| Amino Acids | held together by peptide bonds; monomer of protiens |
| Polypeptides | three or more amino acids bonded together |
| emzymes | metabolic regulators unaffected by the reaction |
| polymer | molecule that consists of many monomers |
| RNA | role in protein synethisis carries out instructions |
| denaturation | permenattly altering the overall three dimensional shape of a protien |