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SLS Bio12 Cell Struc
SLS Bio12 Cell Structure JW
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell Membrane | The cell membrane is a thin semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosing its contents |
| Cell Wall | A membrane of the cell that forms external to the cell membrane, found in cells of plants, bacteria, archaea, fungi, and algae. Animals and most protists do not have cell walls |
| Cellular Respiration | A series of metabolic processes that take place within a cell in which biochemical energy is harvested from organic substance (e.g. glucose) and stored as energy carriers (ATP) for use in energy-requiring activities of the cell |
| Chloroplast | Chlorophyll-containing plastid found within the cells of plants and other photosynthetic eukaryotes |
| Chromatin | Mass of genetic material composed of DNA and proteins that condense to form chromosomes during eukaryotic cell division, found in the nucleus |
| Chromosome | A structure within the cell that bears the genetic material as a threadlike linear strand of DNA bonded to various proteins in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, |
| Cristae | The infoldings or inward projections of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, which are studded with proteins and increase the surface area for chemical reactions to occur like cellular respiration |
| Cytoplasm | In eukaryotic cells, the cytoplasm is that part of the cell between the cell membrane and the nuclear envelope. It is the jelly-like substance in a cell that contains the cytosol, organelles, and inclusions, but not including the nucleus |
| Cytoskeleton | The lattice or internal framework of a cell composed of protein filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm, and has a role in controlling cell shape, maintaining intracellular organization, and in cell movement |
| Golgi Bodies | A net-like structure in the cytoplasm of animal cells that serves as a storage centre, packages, transports proteins and lipids in transport vesicles |
| Lysosome | Organelles containing a large range of digestive enzymes used primarily for digestion and removal of excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria |
| Matrix | Ground substance in which things are embedded or that fills a spacemost common usage is for a loose meshwork within which cells are embedded (e.g. Extracellular matrix), although it may also be used of filters or absorbent materia |
| Mitochondria | Spherical or rod-shaped organelles found within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, and are referred to as the “powerhouse of the cell" |
| Nuclear Envelope | The double-layered membrane that envelopes the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, separating the contents of the nucleus from the (cytoplasm) |
| Nuclear Pore | Any of the many perforations on the nucleus as a result of the assembly of nucleoporins that span the nuclear envelope |
| Nucleolus | The round granular structure within the nucleus of a cell, and composed of protein and RNA |
| Nucleus | The large, membrane-bounded organelle that contains the genetic material, in the form of multiple linear DNA molecules organized into structures called chromosomes |
| Organelle | Literally, the term means "little organs". As the body is composed of various organs, the cell, too, has "little organs" that perform special functions. They are membrane-bound compartments or structures of a cell |
| Polysome | Noun A cluster of ribosomes held together by a strand of messenger RNA |
| Ribosome | A minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | An endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a eukaryotic organelle made up of a system of membranous tubes and sacs, that is studded with ribosomes on its surface giving it a rough appearance under the microscope which creates proteins |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | A system of membranous tubes and sacs, however lacks ribosomes, creates lipids and steroids |
| Vacuole | A membrane-bound vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell whose function includes intracellular secretion, excretion, storage, and digestion |
| Vesicle | A bubble-like membranous structure that stores and transports cellular products, and digests metabolic wastes within the cell; an intracellular membranous sac that is separated from the cytosol by at least one lipid bilayer. |
Created by:
jwaslen
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