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AP Bio chapter 44

Population Ecology

TermDefinition
age structure diagram In demographics, a display of the age groups of a population; a growing population has a pyramid-shaped diagram.
biosphere Zone of air, land, and water at the surface of the Earth in which living organisms are found.
biotic potential Maximum population growth rate under ideal conditions.
carrying capacity (K) Largest number of organisms of a particular species that can be maintained indefinitely by a given environment.
cohort Group of individuals having a statistical factor in common, such as year of birth, in a population study.
community Assemblage of species interacting with one another within the same environment.
competition Results when members of a species attempt to use a resource that is in limited supply.
demographic transition The transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system.
demography Properties of the rate of growth and the age structure of populations.
density-dependent factor Biotic factor, such as disease or competition, that affects population size in a direct relationship to the population’s density.
density-independent factor Abiotic factor, such as fire or flood, that affects population size independent of the population’s density
doubling time Number of years it takes for a population to double in size.
ecology Study of the interactions of organisms with other organisms and with the physical and chemical environment.
ecosystem Biological community together with the associated abiotic environment; characterized by a flow of energy and a cycling of inorganic nutrients.
exponential growth Growth in which population size increases by a constant percentage of the whole;this type of growth yields a curve shaped like the letter J.
habitat Place where an organism lives and is able to survive and reproduce.
iteroparity Repeated production of offspring at intervals throughout the life cycle of an organism.
K-selection Favorable life-history strategy under stable environmental conditions characterized by the production of a few offspring with much attention given to offspring survival.
less-developed country (LDC) Country that is becoming industrialized; typically, population growth is expanding rapidly, and the majority of people live in poverty.
limiting factor Resource or environmental condition that restricts the abundance and distribution of an organism.
logistic growth Population increase that results in an S-shaped curve; growth is slow at first, steepens, and then levels off due to environmental resistance.
more-developed country (MDC) Country that is industrialized; typically, population growth is low, and the people enjoy a good standard of living overall.
population Group of organisms of the same species occupying a certain area and sharing a common gene pool.
population density The number of individuals per unit area or volume living in a particular habitat.
population distribution The pattern of dispersal of individuals living within a certain area.
predation Interaction in which one organism (the predator) uses another (the prey) as a food source.
rate of natural increase (r) Growth rate dependent on the number of individuals that are born each year and the number of individuals that die each year.
replacement reproduction When there are more young women entering the reproductive years than there are older women leaving them
resource Abiotic and biotic components of an environment that support or are needed by living organisms.
r-selection Favorable life history strategy under certain environmental conditions; characterized by a high reproductive rate with little or no attention given to offspring survival.
semelparity Condition of having a single reproductive effort in a lifetime.
survivorship Probability of newborn individuals of a cohort surviving to particular ages.
zero population growth No growth in population size.
Created by: arincon1
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