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U.P tree species 2

Distinguishing features, uses by humans and wildlife

SpeciesDistinguishing featuresUses by wildlifeUses by humans
White Birch White papery bark. Leaves 7-9 pairs of veins. Shade intolerant. Fast growing. Lives ~80yrs. Fire dependent. Attacked by Bronze Birch Borer. Browse by deer and hare. Used for pulpwood and veneer. Wood tends to rot.
Red Maple Opposite branching and serrated edges on leaves. Red fruit called samara. Red round buds on red twigs. Shade tolerant. Lives 70-100yrs. Smooth bark. Browse by hare and deer. Used to make boxes, railroad ties, furniture, pulpwood and plywood.
Red Oak Smooth gray bark. Alternate branching. Produce acorns and reddish brown buds. Fast growing. Live 300+yrs. Shade tolerant. Many species eat acorns. Used to make furniture and flooring.
Sugar Maple Opposite branching. Leaves have smooth edges. Bark is dark gray and has reddish brown twigs. Shade tolerant. Slow growing and lives 300-400yrs. Browse by hare and deer. Used to make furniture, flooring, cabinets, and musical instruments.
Yellow Birch Bark is silvery yellow and looks waxy or torn. Leaves 11-13 pairs veins. Twigs slight taste and odor of wintergreen. Shade tolerant. Lives 150-300yrs. Browse by hare and deer. Used to make veneer, furniture, flooring and plywood.
Hemlock Branches with short flat needles. Bark is a reddish brown color or a gray color with ridges. Shade tolerant and lives 600+yrs. Acidifies soil. Lives in cool and moist locations. Seedlings grow from logs or moss. Browse by moose and deer. Deer use as shelter in winter. Used to make pulpwood and low grade lumber.
Striped Maple Leaves fat and 3 lobed. Bark stripped. Buds red in winter. Twigs are striped and are red or green. Browse by moose, deer and hare. Deer will rub on them to remove velvet from antlers. Not used Commercially.
Ironwood (Hop hornbeam) Bark looks shredded and had reddish brown twigs. Shade tolerant. Slow growing. Seeds and buds eaten by birds. Browse by deer. Used by pioneers for wagon tongues and wheel rims and spokes.
White Pine Smooth edges or scales. 5 needles per fascicle. Long needles. Long lived. Ridged bark. Semi-fire dependent. Moderate shade tolerance. Long cones. No low branches. Self-prune. Browse for deer. Seed eaters. Young bears use to escape predators. Major lumber 1850-1900. General construction, cabinets.
Red Pine Long-lived. Shade intolerant. Two needles per fascicle. longer needles than Jack Pine. Red flaky bark. Fast growing. Large oval cones. Fire dependent. No low branches. Self prune. Seed eaters. Utility poles.
Jack Pine No low branches. Serotinous cones (closed until opened by heat). Black flaky bark. Fire dependent. Grow scragly or straight. 2 needles per fascicle. Short needles. Small cones claw shaped. Kirtlands warblers build nests in 15-20 yr old stands. Spruce grouse eat needles. Paper, pulpwood, chipboard.
White Spruce Cones small (2") and cylindrical and soft. Sharp 4-sided needles. Live <200yrs. Rough twigs. Inner cinnamon bark. Spruce grouse eat needles. Winter shelter deer. Seed eaters. Canoe paddles, lumber, furniture, musical instruments.
Black Spruce Grow on bog. Rusty twigs. Black needles. Oval cones. Green rough bark. No cinnamon underbark. Deer use shelter. Seed eaters. Canoe paddles, lumber, musical instruments.
Balsam Fir Flat needles attacked by spruce bloodworms at 20-30yrs age. Smooth bark and branches. Live <120yrs. Blisters with sap. Browse for moose. Bears lick resin under bark. Grouse eat needles. Used for pulpwood, construction, shampoo, microscope slides, christmas trees or wreaths.
White Cedar Smooth white papery bark. Flat, scale like "leaves." Tiny cones. Live 800+yrs. Slow growing. Shade tolerant. Small branches buried and become stem of new tree. Grow in lowland of pH~7. Leaves are high in vitamin C so deer and snow shoe hares eat. Water-proof wood, rot resistant.
Tamarack Grow on bog. Loses leaves. Deciduous conifer. Birds eat seeds and needles. pulpwood boxes.
Ground Juniper Very prickly needles. Shade intolerant. Tiny blue spherical cones. Widely distributed. Birds eat seed, deer eat. Bonsai trees.
Bog Rosemary Herbaceous. Long twigs with long thin broken green patterns on leaves.
Cottongrass Grassy with cotton puffs on ends
Cranberry Small red berries. Tiny leaves with white underside.
Labrador Tea Curled leaves (almost form tube). Fuzzy orange undersides of leaves. Wider leaves than rosemary.
Leatherleaf Ovular leaves, leather and bright green.
Pitcher Plant Deeply cupped leaves form a pitfall trap.
Sedges Grassy. Grow in tussocks (clusters).
Sphagnum Moss Greenish red, very soft. Tiny leaves out from center.
Sweet Gale Serrated leaf margins. Long thin ovular leaves. Yellow /green buds. Tiny cones.
Sundew On edge of bog. Stalked mucilaginous glands cover leaf surfaces (looks like dew). Tiny.
Speckled Alder Wavy (rivulated) leaves, ovular shape.
Willow Long skinny leaves.
Yellow Water Lily Yellow flowers on green lily pads.
Bigtooth Aspen Bark is green or white. Shade intolerant. Fast growing. Regenerates from root suckers Browsed by deer, hare, beaver, and porcupine. Grouse and passerines eat buds. Provide cover for woodcock, grouse, and hare. Used for pulpwood. Trim and building materials.
Quaking Aspen Bark is green or white. Shade intolerant. Fast growing. Regenerates from root suckers. Browsed by deer, hare, beaver, and porcupines. Grouse and passerines eat buds. Provide cover for woodcock, grouse and hare. Used for pulpwood. Trim and building materials.
Created by: jebeard
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