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Chapter 10 vocab

Mendel & Meiosis

TermDefinition
allele alternative forms of a gene for each variation of a trait of an organism.
dominant observed trait of an organism that masks the recessive form of a trait.
fertilization fusion of male and female gametes.
gamete male and female sex cells; sperm and eggs.
genetics branch of biology that studies heredity.
genotype combination of genes in an organism.
heredity passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring.
heterozygous when there are two different alleles for a trait.
homozygous when there are two identical alleles for a trait.
hybrid offspring formed by parents having different forms for a trait.
law of independent assortment mendelian principle stating that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other.
law of segregation mendelian principle explaining that because each plant has two different alleles, it can produce two different types of gametes. During fertilization, male and female gametes randomly pair to produce four combinations of alleles.
phenotype outward appearance of an organism, regardless of its genes.
pollination from male reproductive organs to female reproductive organs of plants, usually within the same species.
recessive trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait.
trait characteristic that is inherited; can be either dominant or recessive.
zygote diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg.
crossing over exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids from homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis; results in new allele combinations.
diploid cell with two of each kind of chromosome; is said to contain a diploid, or 2n, number of chromosomes.
egg haploid female sex cell produced by meiosis.
genetic recombination major source of genetic variation among organisms caused by reassortment or crossing over during meiosis.
haploid cell with one of each kind of chromosome; is said to contain a haploid or n, number of chromosomes.
homologous chromosome paired chromosomes with genes for the same traits arranged in the same order
meiosis type of cell division where one body cell produces for gametes, each containing half the number of chromosomes as a parent's body cell.
nondisjunction failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis; results in gametes with too many or too few chromosomes.
sexual reproduction pattern of reproduction that involves the production and subsequent fusion of haploid sex cells.
sperm haploid male sex cells produced by meiosis.
Created by: Kaylar626
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