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Biology Test
Biology Test 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tiny organelles that transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP. They have their own DNA and they only come from preexisting mitochondria. | Mitochondria |
| Controls most of the functions in the cell and houses and protects the genetic information | Nucleus |
| Denser area where DNA is concentrated when it is in the process of making ribosomal RNA | Nucleolus |
| organelles that are made of proteins and RNA that direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm | Ribosome |
| system of interconnected, flattened sacs covered with ribosomes that make proteins and phospholipids that are transported when it leaves in vesicles | Rough ER |
| smooth in appearance, makes lipids and helps to detoxify drugs and poisons | Smooth ER |
| hairlike structures that extend from the surface of the cell, where they assist in movement | Cilia and Flagella |
| accepts and sends away vesicles that modifies some proteins and lipids before they are shipped to other parts of the cell | Golgi Body |
| vesicles that bud from the golgi apparatus and contain digestive enzymes | Lysosomes |
| hollow tubes made of a protein called tubulin that holds organelles in place | Microtubules |
| long threads of the beadlike protein actin and are linked end to end and wrapped around each other like two strands of a rope | Microfilaments |
| consist of two short cylinders of microtubules at right angles to each other and are situated in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope | Centrioles |
| phospholipid bilayer that has a hydrophilic phosphate head and a hydrophobic fatty acid tail | Plasma Membrane |
| imbedded within the lipid bilayer | Integral Proteins |
| proteins that are only found on one side of the lipid bilayer | Peripheral proteins |
| what holds the nucleus together | Nuclear Envelope |
| rigid layer that lies outside the cell’s plasma membrane and contains cellulose | Cell Wall |
| large, fluid-filled organelle that stores not only water but also enzymes, metabolic wastes, and other materials | Central vacuole |
| organelles that are surrounded by a double membrane and contain their own DNA | Plastids |
| use light energy to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water | Chloroplasts |
| system of flattened, membranous sacs | Thylakoids |
| main molecule that absorbs light and captures light energy for the cell | Chlorophyll |
| movement across the cell membrane that does not require energy from the cell | passive transport |
| a difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance | concentration gradient |
| condition in which the concentration of a substance is equal throughout the space | equilibrium |
| the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration caused by the random motion of particles of the substance | diffusion |
| the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane | osmosis |
| the cell swells because water moves in | hypotonic solution |
| the cell shrinks because all water has left | hypertonic solution |
| if the fluid outside the cell has the same free water molecule concentration as cytosol, then the outside fluid is isotonic | isotonic solution |
| a transport protein with a polar pore through which ions can pass | ion channel |
| a protein that transports substances across the cell membrane | carrier protein |
| when carrier proteins are used to transport specific substances down their concentration gradient that transport is called facilitated diffusion Active transport | facilitated diffusion |
| movement of a substance into a cell by a vesicle | endocytosis |
| movement of a substance by a vesicle to the outside of a cell | exocytosis |
| protein that binds to a specific signal molecule, enabling the cell to respond to the signal molecule | receptor protein |
Created by:
aemiller
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