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-Chapter 11_

Vocabulary

TermDefinition
Nitrogenous Base Is a carbon ring structure that contains one or more atoms of nitrogen.
Double Helix DNA is composed of two strands twisted together, its shape.
DNA replication The DNA in the chromosomes is copied in a process.
Messenger RNA Brings instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the cell's factory floor, the cytoplasm.
Ribosomal RNA Binds to me the mRNA and uses the instructions to assemble the amino acids in the correct order.
Transfer RNA Is the supplier.
Transcription In the nucleus, enzymes make an RNA copy of a portion of a DNA strand in a process.
Codon Set of three nitrogenous bases that represents an amino; order of nitrogenous bases in mRNA determines the type and order of amino acids in a protein.
Translation Process of converting information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in a protein.
Mutation Any change or random error in a DNA sequence.
Point Mutation Mutation in a DNA sequence; occurs from a change in a single base pair.
Frameshift Mutation Mutation that occurs when a single base is added or deleted form DNA; causes a shift in the reading of codons by one base
Chromosomal Mutation Mutation that occurs at the chromosomes level resulting in charges in the gene distribution to grametes during meiosis; caused when parts of chromosomes break off or rejoin incorrectly.
Mutagen Any agent that can cause a change in DNA; includes high-energy radiation, chemicals, or high temperatures.
Created by: Alexis Madison
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