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Biology - Evolution

Vocab

TermDefinition
Genetic Drift change in allele frequencies which are caused by a number of chance occurrences and causes alleles to become more or less common in a population.
Founder Effect the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population.
Bottleneck Effect the reduction of a population, typically by a natural disaster, such that the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population.
Gene Flow transfer of genes from one population to another.
Species a group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can interbreed with one another to produce fertile offspring.
Population a collection of individuals of the same species in a given geographical area whose members can interbreed with one another.
Convergent a pattern of evolution in which different species produce descendants with similar traits.
Divergent a pattern of evolution in which 1 species gives rise to 2 or more species.
Adaptive Radiation process by which 2 or more populations of the same species become more different, less similar over time.
Homologous Structures structures that are similar in different species of common ancestry.
Analogous Structures body parts that share a common function, but not structure.
Vestigial structure that is inherited from ancestors but has lost much or all of its original function.
Adaptation heritable characteristic that increases an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in an environment.
Fitness (Fittest) how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment.
Disruptive Selection individuals at the upper and lower ends of the curve are able to adapt to the environment better than the individuals at the middle.
Directional Selection individuals at one end of the curve adapt to their environment better than the individuals in the middle and on the other end.
Stabilizing Selection individuals at the middle of the curve adapt better to their environments than the individuals at the upper and lower ends.
Speciation formation of a new species.
Niche full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions.
Natural Selection process by which organisms that are most suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully, survival of the fittest.
Artificial Selection selective breeding of plants and animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits in offspring.
Gene Pool all the alleles that occur in a population. It is made up of all the alleles of all the genes found in all of the individuals.
Allele different versions of a gene.
Allele Frequency a measure of the abundance of each kind of allele in the entire population.
Genetic Equilibrium situation in which allele frequencies in a population remain the same.
Mutation changes that occur in a cells genetic material
Random Mating refers to mating where any male in a population is equally likely to mate with any female in a population.
Emigration movement of individuals out of an area.
Immigration movement of individuals into an area occupied by an existing population.
Geographic Isolation form of reproductive isolation, in which two populations are separated by geographic barriers, leading to the formation of separate subspecies.
Created by: JSidhu123
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