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Vocab ARCC Bio ch8

TermDefinition
histone type of protein that structurally organizes eukaryotic chromosomes.
karyotype image of an individual's complement of chromosomes arranged by size, length, shape, and centromere location.
nucleosome a length of DNA wound twice around a spool of histone proteins.
sex chromosome member of a pair chromosomes that differs between males and females.
sister chomatid one of two attached DNA molecules of a duplicated eukaryotic chromasome.
bacteriophage virus that infects bacteria.
Clone genetically identical copy of an organism
autosome Any chromosome other than a sex chromosome
Centromere Region in a chromosome where sister chromatids are attached
Chromosome A DNA structure with proteins that carries part or all of the cell's genetic information
Chromosome number The sum of all chromosomes in a cell
Diploid Having two of each type of chromosome in a cell
Bacteriophage Virus that infects bacteria
DNA replication Process by which a cell duplicate it's DNA before it divides
DNA Polymerse DNA replication enzyme. Uses DNA template to assemble a complementary strand of DNA
Primer Short, single strand of DNA that base-pairs with a targeted DNA sequence
DNA ligase Enzyme that seals gaps in a double-stranded DNA
semiconservative replication Describes a process of DNA replication, which produces 2 copies of a DNA molecule. One new copy, one original strand.
DNA sequence order of nucleotide bases in a strand of DNA
Mutation Permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
Reproductive cloning Technology that produces genetically identical Individuals
Somatic Vell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) Method reproductive cloning in which transferring genetic material from an adult cell into an unfertilized egg
Therapeutic cloning the use of SCNT to produce human embryos for research purposes.
A adenine
G guanine
T Thymine
C Cytosine
U Uracil
G pairs with C
A pairs with T (or U on RNA)
Created by: annaleeblake
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