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Chapter 6
Chapter 6 Vocab and Key Points for the Biology Exam 10.14.13
| Question or Term | Answer or Definition |
|---|---|
| element | a substance that CANNOT be broken down into simpler chemical substances |
| atom | the smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element; the basic building blocks of all matter |
| nucleus | center of an atom; contains protons (p+), and neutrons (n0) |
| isotopes | atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |
| covalent bond | the force that holds together two atoms that share electrons |
| molecule | a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds; no charge overall |
| ion | an atom (or group of atoms) that gains or loses electrons and has an electrical charge; charged particle made of atoms |
| ionic bond | attractive force between two ions of opposite charge |
| metabolism | all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism |
| mixture | combination of substances in which the individual components retain their own properties |
| solution | mixture in which one or more solutes (substances) are distributed evenly in a solvent (another substance); one substance is dissolved in another and will not settle out of solution |
| acid | pH below 7; forms Hydrogen (H+) in water |
| base | pH above 7; forms Hydroxide (OH-) in water |
| polar molecule | a molecule with unequal distribution of charge; each has a positive end and a negative end |
| hydrogen bond | weak bond formed by attraction of opposite charges between hydrogen and oxygen; holds many biomolecules together (Example: proteins) |
| diffusion | net movement of particles from an area of higher to lower concentration; result of random movement of particles (Brownian motion) |
| dynamic equilibruim | condition in which there is continuous movement but no overall concentration change |
| isomers | compounds with the same chemical formula but different three-dimensional structures |
| polymer | large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together |
| carbohydrate | biomolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; ratio of two hydrogen and one oxygen for every carbon; used by cells to provide energy; glucose, fructose, sucrose, glycogen, starches, cellulose |
| lipid | biomolecule made mostly of carbon and hydrogen with small amount of oxygen; fats, oils, waxes, steroids; insoluble in water; three fatty acids with one glycerol; energy storage, insulation, protective coverings |
| protein | large, complex polymer made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur; building blocks of structural components in organisms; contracting of muscle tissue, transporting oxygen in bloodstream, carrying out chemical reactions |
| amino acids | basic building blocks of proteins |
| peptide bond | covalent bond formed between amino acids |
| enzyme | important proteins found in living things; changes the rate of a chemical reaction |
| nucleic acid | complex biomolecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous; stores coded information |
| nucleotides | smaller subunits of nucleic acid; nitrogenous base, simple sugar, phosphate group |
| What are the basic building blocks of all matter? | atoms |
| The nucleus contains protons, neutrons, or electrons? | protons and neutrons |
| The nucleus is ___ charged. | positively |
| The nucleus is surrounded by negatively charged, rapidly moving ____. | electrons |
| Do components of mixtures retain their own properties? | yes |
| How are the components distributed within a solution? | evenly |
| Acids form what in water? | hydrogen ions |
| Bases form what in water? | hydroxide ions |
| Is water the least abundant compound in living things? | no |
| Why is water an excellent solvent? | polarity |
| What kind of motion are particles of matter in? | constant |
| Diffusion occurs in areas of ____ to______ concentration. | higher to lower |
| Do all organic compounds contain carbon atoms? | yes |
| Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic acids are the four principal types of what? | organic compounds |
| The properties and functions of a biomolecule can be determined by what? | structure |
| What feature explains the high surface tension of water? | polarity |
| Is sucrose a polysaccharide? | yes |
| Are starches and nucleic acids related? | no |
| Are enzymes made up of proteins? | yes |
| Is glycerol a smaller subunit of a nucleotide? | no |
| If a calcium atom has 20 protons, how many electrons does it have? | 20 |
| What kind of bond involves the sharing of electrons? | covalent |
| What is the maximum number of electrons that the first energy level of an atom holds? | 8 |
Created by:
17kmccarson
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