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Chapter 11 Voc

DNA and Genes

TermDefinition
DNA Replication Process in which chromosomal DNA is copied before mitosis or meiosis
Double Helix Shape of a DNA molecule formed when two twisted DNA strands are coiled into a springlike structure and held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases.
Nitrogenous Base Carbon ring structure found in DNA or RNA that contains one or more atoms of nitrogen;includes adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil.
Codon Set of three nitrogenous bases that represents an amino acid; order of nitrogenous bases in mRNA determines the type and order of amino acids in a protein.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) RNA that transports information from DNA in the nucleus to the cell's cytoplasm.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) RNA that makes up the ribosomes; clamps onto mRNA and uses its information to assemble amino acids in the correct order.
Transcription Process in the cell nucleus where enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosomes to be assembled into proteins.
Translation Process of converting information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in a protein.
Chromosomal Mutations Mutations that occurs at the chromosome level resulting in changes in the gene distribution to gametes during meiosis; caused when parts of the chromosomes break off or rejoin incorrectly.
Frameshift Mutation mutation that occurs when a single base is added or deleted from DNA; causes a shift in the reading of codons by one base.
Mutagen Any agent that can cause a change in DNA; includes high-energy radiation, chemicals, or high temperatures.
Mutation any change or random error in a DNA sequence.
Point Mutation Mutation in a DNA sequence; occurs from a change in a single base pair.
Created by: Osborn,Samuel
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