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11Voc
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| DNA Replication | DNA replication is the process of producing two identical copies from one original DNA molecule |
| Double Helix | Shape of a DNA molecule formed when two twisted DNA strands are coiled into a springlike structure and held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases |
| Nitrogenous Base | Carbon ring structure found in DNA or RNA that contains one or more atoms of nitrogen; includes adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil |
| Codon | Set of three nitrogenous bases that represents an amino acid; order of nitrogenous bases in mRNA determines the type and order of amino acids in a protein |
| Messenger RNA | RNA that transports information from DNA in the nucleus to the cell's cytoplasm |
| Ribosomal RNA | RNA that makes up the ribosomes; clamps onto mRNA and uses its information to assemble amino acids in the correct order |
| Transcription | Process in the cell nucleus where enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand |
| Transfer RNA | RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosomes to be assembled into proteins |
| Translation | Process of converting information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in a protein |
| Chromosomal Mutation | Mutation that occurs at the chromosome level resulting in changes in the gene distribution to gametes during meiosis; caused when parts of chromosomes break off or rejoin incorrectly |
| Frameshift Mutation | Mutation that occurs when a single base is added or deleted from DNA; causes a shift in the reading of codons by one base |
| Mutagen | Any agent that can cause a change in DNA; includes high-energy radiation, chemicals, or high temperatures |
| Mutation | Any change or random error in a DNA sequence |
| Point Mutation | Mutation in a DNA sequence; occurs from a change in a single base pair |