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Respiratory System

Biology Test 2

QuestionAnswer
What is respiration? Gas Exchange
WHy are CO2 and O2 necessary for life? Input and output of cellular respiration: O2 needed at final step and CO2 is output
What determines the diffusion rate? surface area X concentration/distance; animals maximize SA; minimize dist. (some can even control conc.)
Insect Respiration Respiration independant of circulation: Trachea system runs through body; trachea (pores) all gas exchange within diffusion distance of all cells
Fish Respiration Gills and Counter current Exchange O2 not water soluble SA expanded; water moves over gills opposite blood flow so more O2 can transfer to capillaries
mammalian and Bird Respiration Air Filled Sac: lungs Lots of O2 in air, but easy to lose H2O -Sln: lungs encased in moistened cavity Avioli increase SA, and Capillaries
What are the two methods of inhaling? Positive Pressue: Ampibians hold air in mouth and push into lungs Negative pressure: Humans use diaphragm to expand lung cavity; air fills lungs to equalize pressure difference
Mamalian vs Ave Respiration Birds have two-way movement which always allows fresh air, Mammals have one wave movement so some stale air is always inhaled
Transport of O2 Efficient transfer: Hemoglobin "grabs" O2(inefficient: stale air interference) P atmosphere 159 mmHg-> alveoli 105 mmHg -> 100 mmHg leaving capillaries
What is the purpose of Hb Hb=hemoglobin is needed because O2 does not dissolve well in water, and it binds well to Hb; so Hb provides transport carrier
How does O2 go from capillary to cell? Because of the concentration gradient At rest: Hb release 25% Higher pH: Hb releases more
What is the CO2 distribution in blood? 8% Plasma 20% Hb 75% Converted to HCO3
How is CO2 converted to HCO3 Takes place in blood cell Moves forward at systemic caps HCO3 leaves red blood cell to allow rxn to continue Reverses when blood enters lungs: diffuses to aveoli (re-enters blood cell then leaves capillary)
Created by: hannahprt
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