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CS Study Guide for
Study
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Differentiate between archaea and bacteria | The cell walls of the eubacteria contain peptidoglycan, but the cell walls archaebacteria don't. |
| Name three general shapes of bacteria and give specific names for each. | Spherical= Cocci Rod-Shaped= Bacilli Spiral-shaped= Spirochetes |
| List the three subgroups of extremophiles and describe the type of environment they live in. | Thermoacidophiles- Live in hot, acidic environments. Halophiles- live in very salty environments. Methanogens- cannot live in the presence of oxygen. |
| Explain one survival mechanism of a bacteria on the individual level. | Movement-Prokaryotic flagella are made of filaments. The prokaryotes need the flagella to move on an individual level. |
| Explain one survival mechanism of bacteria on a population level. | Bacteria use mutation to survive on population levels because mutation helps them reproduce quickly and their population grows rapidly. Also the mutations lead to new characteristics and genes that can help them survive. |
| Describe 3 ways bacteria can be beneficial. | The Ecology of Bacteria is beneficial to us. Bacteria are decomposers, returning vital nutrients to the environments. Also, bacteria fix nitrogen so that contributes to our environment. Lastly, bacteria helps makes important foods and medicines |
| Explain in detail why viruses are not living. | Viruses do not have cells nor are they cells. They cannot replicate on their own and they cannot move. They also cannot make proteins. |
| How are protists classified? Why Might that change in the future. What are the groups of protist? | Protist are classified by the way they obtain nutrients. This might change in the future because scientist will discover more about them and their dna. There are plant-like protist, animal-like protists, and fungus like protist. |
| List the Taxonomic groups. | 1. Domain 2. Kingdom 3. Phylum 4. Class 5. Order 6. Family 7. Genus 8. Species |
| Name the three domains and the kingdoms in them. | Archaea is archaea, bacteria is bacteria, and eukarya is protists, plants, fungus, and animals. |
| Name the rules for binomial nomenclature. | The genus name is capitalized the species name is lowercase. If it is in print it is italicized, handwritten underlined. Once it has been stated completely it can be abbreviated. First name genus name second name species name. Written in latin. |
| Bacteria | are prokaryotic organisms that belong to Domain Bacteria. |
| Virus | is a nonliving strand of genetic material within a protein coat. |
| Conjugation | prokaryotes exhibit a form of reproduction in which two prokaryotes attach to each other and exchange genetic information. |
| Binary Fission | is the division of a cell into two genetically identical cells. |
| classification | is the grouping of objects or organisms based on a set of criteria |
| taxonomy | is a discipline of biology primarily concerned with identifying, naming, and classifying species based on natural relationships |
| cladogram | is a branching diagram that represents the proposed phylogeny or evolutionary history of a species or group. |
| Plant like protists including euglenoids that have eyespots. | Phylum Euglenophyta |
| Plant like protists including brown algae that are the tallest algae (kelp that grows along rocky shores). | Phylum Phaeophyta |
| Plant like protists including red algae that can survive at deeper water levels and among coral reefs. | Phylum Rhodophyta |
| Plant like protists that includes diatoms that are made of 2 unequal halves, like a box with a lid. | Phylum Bacillariophyta |
| Plant like protists including dinoflagellates that can create dangerous algal blooms. | Phylum Pyrrophyta |
| Animal-like protist including protozoans that are all parasites and reproduce with spores | Phylum Apicomplexa |
| Animal-like protist including ciliates that are covered with cilia. | Phylum Ciliophora |
| Fungus-like protist including the water molds and downy molds, they envelope their food source with a mass of threads | Phylum Oomycota |
| Animal-like protist including zooflagellates that cause sleeping sickness. | Phylum Zoomastigina |
| Fungus-like protist including acellular slime molds that go through their life cycle in which the nucleus divides but no internal cell walls form creating a cell with multiple nuclei. | Phylum Myxomycota |
| Animal-like protist including sarcodines that form a pseudopod for movement. | Phylum Sarcodina |
| Plant like protists including yellow-green and golden-brown algae where most are photosynthetic, but some can absorb organ compounds or ingest other organisms. | Phylum Chrysophyta |
| Plant like protists including green algae that is the largest group of algae and includes desmids , spirogyra, and volvox. | Phylum Chlorophyta |
| Fungus-like protist including slime molds that spend most of their life as a single amoeba like cell that may form a colony when food is scarce. | Phylum Acrasiomycota |
| Pellicle | The pellicle helps the structure defend itself. It is the cell wall. |
| Cilia | Helps the structure move. |
| Oral Groove | Helps the structure obtain food. |
| Gullet | Helps the structure digest the food and store it before it goes to the food vacuoles. |
| Ectoplasm | The cytoplasm that is outside the structure. |
| Endoplasm | The Cytoplasm that is inside the structure. |
| Anal pore | Gets rid of the structures waste |
| Contractile Vacuole | Gets rid of excess water. |
| Food vacuoles | Help store the food and give nutrients to the structure. |
| Micronucleus | Used in helping with the reproduction of the structure |
| Macronucleus | Helps with the everyday function of the structure. |
| Trichocysts | Helps the structure react to things that it interacts with. |
| Phylogeny | is the evolutionary history of a species |
Created by:
christopher shaddock
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