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Digestive System
Biology Test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three parts to digestion | 1)Feeding (food Intake) 2)digestion 3)1st law of thermodynamics (how energy is used) |
| What are the two types of feeding? | -filter feeding: take in smaller particles; but constantly eating -bulk feeding: take in a lot of nutrients; but you need a digestive system |
| Digestion | Mechanical: chewing, grinding enzymatic: break molecules into smaller parts |
| Two methods of digestion | intracellular (macrophagy) extracellular (digestive system) |
| Two types of digestive tracts | specialized and nonspecialized |
| Secretory reflex | salivary gland releases saliva and amylase; breaks down starch |
| chewing reflex | stretch reflex; contract and then relax, chewing is reflex |
| Swallowing reflex | Soft palette contracts so food doesn't go into nasal cavity epiglottis: pharynx senses food pressure, seals trachea |
| Esophagus Reflex | peristalsis |
| 4 layers of the digestive tube | mucosal: stratified epithelium submucosal: neurons capillaries (submucosal plexus; controls activity of particular cells in mucosa) mucosalaris: round and longitudinal muscle serosa: protective membrane; connective tissue |
| Three fxs of the stomach | 1) Protection: pH 2; kills pathogens 2) Storage: keeps food on hold until SI is available 3)Digestion: Mechanical (churning) Enzymatic (pepsin) |
| Cell types in Stomach | Parietal: h+ Mucous: Mucous Chief: pepsinogen->h+-> PEPSIN chomps protiens |
| Where do EMC cells live? | Crypts (infolds in stomach) |
| Stomach anatomy | esophagus-> sphincter-> fundus-> antrum-> sphinctor-> small intestine |
| How does the small intestine increase its surface area | microvilli on mucosal cells villi folds of mucosal layer |
| what sxs take up fats and carbs and protiens? | Capillaries (carbs/protiens) Lacteal (lymphatic system picks up fats) |
| Lumen | Receives "chyme" from stomach Pancreatic enzymes break down carbs-> monosacharrides and protiens->amino acids |
| How are fats broken down in the stomach? | Lipase: trigylcerides-> monoglyceride and fatty acids Lipase= liver derived; fat goes into lacteal system |
| How does the small intestine move/absorb food? | Motility: smooth muscle contractions secretion: hormones, ions, water, enzymes Absorption: enabled by motility and secretion done well |
| dissasembly line regulated by | anticipatory: before food ingested Communicative: food is in stomach |
| How does the Anticipatory system work? | Vagus nerve-> G cells -> Gastrin -> parietal cells -> h+ also increases motility |
| Communicative | Food in stomach-> distension-> motility-> gastrin-> chief cells-> pepsinogen-> pepsin (in h+) |
| Chyme in S.I. | Acid from stomach->secretin-> pancrease-> HCO3 -> neutralizes chyme |
| S.I. response to Chyme | Fats/protiens/carbs-> CCK ->pancrease -> digestive enzymes CCK->gall bladder/liver -> bile |
| S.I. negative feedback | distension->myenteric plexus-> stomach muscularis-> stop sending chyme CCK-> slow secretion of G cells CCK-> slow motility |
Created by:
hannahprt
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