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Biotechnology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Enviroment | The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates. |
| Plant Breeding | The art and science of changing the genetics of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. |
| Enzyme | A substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. |
| Rennin | An enzyme secreted into the stomach of unweaned mammals, and in some lower animals and plants, causing the curdling of milk. |
| Fermentation | The chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat. |
| Heredity | The passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another. |
| Yeast | A microscopic fungus consisting of single oval cells that reproduce by budding, and are capable of converting sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide. |
| Law of Segregation | Principle stating that during the production of gametes the two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent. |
| Law of Independent Assortment | Principle stating that the laws of chance govern which particular characteristics of the parental pairs will occur in each individual offspring. |
| Cells | The smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning. |
| Vaccine | A preparation of a weakened or killed pathogen,that upon administration stimulates antibody production or cellular immunity against the pathogen but is incapable of causing severe infection. |
| Antibiotic | A substance, such as penicillin, produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms |
| Artifical Insemination | Introduction of semen into the vagina or uterus without sexual contact. |
| Embryo Transfer | A step in the process of assisted reproduction in which embryos are placed into the uterus of a female with the intent to establish a pregnancy. |
| Genetic Code | The nucleotide triplets of DNA and RNA molecules that carry genetic information in living cells. |
| Vertical Gene Transfer | A process when an organism receives genetic material from its ancestor. |
| DNA | A self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes, and the carrier of all genetic information. |
| Double Helix | A pair of parallel helices intertwined about a common axis, which is the structure of the DNA molecule. |
| Genetic Engineering | The deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material. |
| Horizontal Gene Transfer | A process in which an organism transfers genetic material to another cell that is not its offspring. |
| Gene Splicing | Preparing recombinant DNA in vitro by cutting up DNA molecules and splicing together fragments from more than one organism. |
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alythebrave
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