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Chapter 2 Terms
Biotech terms and definition from Chapter 2.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Enivironment | The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates. |
| Plant Breeding | Plant breeding is the art and science of Changing the genetics of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. |
| Enzyme | A substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. |
| Renin | An enzyme secreted by and stored in the kidneys that promotes the production of the protein angiotensin. |
| Fermentation | The chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat. |
| Yeast | A microscopic fungus consisting of single oval cells that reproduce by budding, and are capable of converting sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide. |
| Heredity | The passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another |
| Law of Segregation | Members of a pair of homologous chromosomes separate during the formation of gametes and are distributed to different gametes so that every gamete receives only one member of the pair. |
| Law of Independent Assortment | Each member of a pair of homologous chromosomes separates independently of the members of other pairs so the results are random. |
| Cells | The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Microscopic organisms typically consist of a single cell, which is either eukaryotic or prokaryotic. |
| Vaccine | A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases, prepared from the causative agent of a disease, its products, or a synthetic substitute. |
| Antibiotic | A medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms. |
| Artificial Insemination | The injection of semen into the vagina or uterus other than by sexual intercourse. |
| Embryo Transfer | Embryo transfer refers to a step in the process of assisted reproduction in which embryos are placed into the uterus of a female with the intent to establish a pregnancy. |
| Genetic Code | The nucleotide triplets of DNA and RNA molecules that carry genetic information in living cells. |
| Vertical Gene Transfer | Reproduction (or procreation) is the biological process by which new "offspring" individual organisms are produced from their "parents". Each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction. |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. |
| Double Helix | A pair of parallel helices intertwined about a common axis, esp. that in the structure of the DNA molecule. |
| Genetic Engineering | The deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material. |
| Horizontal Gene Transfer | Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) refers to the transfer of genes between organisms in a manner other than traditional reproduction. |
| Gene Splicing | Genetic engineering: the technology of preparing recombinant DNA in vitro by cutting up DNA molecules and splicing together fragments from more than one organism. |
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Sarah_Alexa
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