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Chapter 20
Blood Vessels and Circulation
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Artery | Carries blood away from the heart |
| Veins | Carry blood back to the heart |
| Capillaries | connect the smallest arteries to veins |
| Tunica interna (tunica intima) | Layer of the vessel wall that lines the blood vessel and is exposed to blood |
| Tunica interna (tunica intima) | Layer of vessel wall containing endothelium (squamous epithelium) overlying a basement membrane and a sparse layer of connective tissue |
| Tunica interna (tunica intima) | Layer of vessel wall that secretes chemicals that stimulate dilation or constriction of vessel |
| Tunica interna (tunica intima) | Layer of vessel wall that has selectively permeable membrane |
| Tunica interna (tunica intima) | Layer of vessel wall that repels platelets that may adhere and form a clot |
| Tunica interna (tunica intima) | This layer of the vessel wall produces cell-adhesion molecules that induce lymphocytes to adhere to the surface during inflammation |
| Tunica media | Layer of the vessel wall consisting of smooth muscle, collagen and elastic tissue |
| The Tunica media consists of (3) | smooth muscle, collagen, elastic fibers |
| Vasomotion | changes in diameter of the blood vessel brought about by smooth muscle |
| Tunica externa (tunica adventitia) | Layer of vessel wall consisting of loose connective tissue (merging with neighboring blood vessels or other organs) |
| Vasa Vasorum | small vessels that supply blood to the outer half of the large vessels |
| Lumen, Tunica externa (tunica adventitia) | Blood from the _____ is thought to nourish the inner half of this vessel (_______) by diffusion |
| Resistance Vessels | Arteries are also called |
| Conducting (elastic or large) | These are the expand during systole and recoil during diastole |
| Conducting (elastic or large) | The aorta, common carotid, subclavian, pulmonary trunk and iliac arteries are what type? |
| Conducting (elastic or large) | Which type of artery has an external elastic lamina? |
| Distributing (muscular or medium) | Artery that distributes blood to specific organs |
| Distributing (muscular or medium) | Brachial, femoral, renal, and splenic arteries are ______ arteries |
| Resistance (small) arteries | Arteries that control amount of blood to various organs |
| Resistance (small) arteries | The smallest arteries are called ______ |
| Metarterioles | Short vessels that link arterioles to capillaries |
| Precapillary Sphincter | Muscle cells of metarterioles form a ______ _____ about the entrance to the artery |
| Precapillary Sphincter | The _______ _______ diverts blood to other tissues |
| Aneurysm | Weak point in an artery or heart wall. Forms a thin-walled bulging sac that may rupture at any time |
| Dissecting Aneurysm | Blood accumulates between the tunics of the artery and separates them, usually because of the degeneration of the tunica media |
| 1. Abdominal aorta 2. Renal Arteries 3. Arterial Circle at base of the Brain | Most common sites of aneurysms are (3) |
| congenital, syphilis | Aneurysms result from ______ weakness of the blood vessels, or bacterial infections such as ____. |
| Atherosclerosis, Hypertention | The most common cause of aneurysms are _______ and ______. |
| Arterial Sense Organs | These are sensory structures in the walls of certain vessels that monitor blood pressure and chemistry. |
| Arterial Sense Organs | Serve to regulate heart rate, vasomotion, and respiration. |
| Baroreceptors | Carotid Sinuses act as ______. |
| Walls of the internal carotid artery | Carotid sinuses are located in the walls of the ______. |
| Blood Pressure | Baroreceptors monitor ______. |
| Decreased heart rate and vessel dilation | In response to high BP, carotid sinuses cause: |
| Carotid Bodies | Oval bodies found near branch of common carotids |
| Chemoreceptors | Monitor blood chemistry |
| Aortic Bodies | Chemoreceptors found in walls of aortic arch |
| Capillaries | Site where nutrients, wastes and hormones pass between the blood and tissue fluid through the walls of the vessels |
| endothelium, basal lamina | Capillaries are composed of _____ and _____. |
| Capillaries | Are absent in tendons, ligaments, epithelia, cornea and lense of eye |
| Continuous Capillaries | Type of capillary that occurs in most tissues. Endothelial cells have tight gap junctions forming a continuous tube with intercellular clefts |
| Pericytes | Wrap around capillaries and contain the same contractile protein as muscle |
| Fenestrated Capillaries | This type of capillary is found in the kidneys, small intestine and organs that require rapid filtration |
| Sinusoids (Discontinuous Capillaries) | Capillaries found in liver, bone marrow, spleen. Allow albumins, clotting factors and RBC to enter circulation |
| Capillary Beds | Capillaries are organized into networks called; |
| Metarteriole | Capillary beds are usually supplied by a single |
| Thoroughfare Channel | Metarteriole that continues through the capillary bed to the venule |
| Precapillary Sphincters | Control which capillary beds are well perfused |
| Postcapillary Venules | These are the smallest veins. They are more porous than capillaries and exchange fluids with surrounding tissue. Most leukocytes emigrate through the walls. |
| Muscular Venules | Up to 1 mm in diameter, one or 2 layers of smooth muscle in tunica media. Have a thin tunica externa |
| Medium Veins | Up to 10 mm in diameter. Thin tunica media and thick externa. Contain venous valves. Vericose veins results from failure of valves. Skeletal Muscle Pumps exist. |
| Venous Sinuses | Veins with thin walls, large lumens, no smooth muscle. Not capable of vasomotion. |
| Large Veins | Larger than 10 mm. Some smooth muscle in all three tunica. Tunica externa is thick. |
Created by:
Zambinina
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