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ajhs microbe '13
vocab list
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| AIDS | acquired immune deficiency syndrome |
| aerobic bacteria | bacteria that require oxygen |
| agar | jelly-like substance extracted from seaweed used to grow bacteria |
| alcohol | common name for ethanol |
| anaerobic bacteria | bacteria that don’t require oxygen |
| antibiotic | medicine taken internally capable of destroying pathogenic bacteria |
| antiseptic | chemical applied to living tissue to kill micro-organisms |
| bacteria | type of microorganism that may be coccus, rod or spiral |
| binary fission | the way bacteria reproduce by splitting into two |
| biotechnology | making use of living things for the good of humans and the environment |
| capsule | slimy protective layer around bacterial cells |
| cell membrane | controls movement in and out of a cell |
| cell wall | maintains shape of a cell |
| culture | to grow microorganisms |
| decomposer | a microorganism that causes decay |
| decomposition | the breaking down of a dead plant or animal material |
| denitrifying bacteria | bacteria which can convert nitrogen containing compounds into nitrogen gas |
| disease | illness affecting part or all of an organism |
| disinfectant | a powerful chemical which kills microorganisms |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| epidemic | spread of an infection within a country |
| exponential growth | rapid increase in numbers in a population |
| fermentation | conversion of sugars into alcohol using yeast, a form of anaerobic respiration |
| flagellum / flagella | structure(s) which help bacteria move |
| fungi | a type of microorganism which include yeasts, moulds and mushrooms |
| germ | microorganism that causes disease |
| HIV | type of virus that can lead to AIDS |
| hyphae | fine threads that make up the structure of fungi |
| immune system | the body’s second “line of defence” to kill pathogens which enter |
| inoculating | placing bacteria on an agar plate |
| lactose | a sugar occurring in milk |
| lymphocyte | type of blood cell which makes antibodies |
| microorganisms | collective term for bacteria, fungi and viruses |
| moulds | types of fungi made of many threads |
| mucus | runny, sticky substance on lining of nose, mouth etc |
| mushroom | type of edible fungi |
| mycelium | thread like network of a fungus, which spreads out as each hyphae grows |
| nutrient | substance used as food |
| pandemic | infection spread across countries |
| parasitic | living off another living thing |
| pasteurised | method of treating milk by rapid heating to reduce bacterial contamination |
| pathogen | disease-causing microorganism |
| penicillin | the first antibiotic developed, extracted from a type of mould |
| petri dish | round shallow dish of plastic or glass used to grow bacteria and fungi |
| phagocyte | a type of white blood cell that engulfs and digests microorganisms |
| respiration | process by which living cells release energy from sugar (aerobic respiration requires O2, anaerobic respiration does not). |
| saprophytic | living off dead plant or animal material |
| sporangium | ball shaped part of fungi which produces spores (for reproduction) |
| spore | reproductive cells of fungi |
| sterile | free from infection with microorganisms |
| tinea | athlete’s foot, a fungal infection which causes red itchy skin between the toes |
| toxins | poisonous substances produced by microorganisms, particularly bacteria |
| viruses | types of microorganism that consist of nuclear material in a protein coat |
| yeast | a single-celled fungi |
| yoghurt | food made when particular bacteria act on milk, changing milk sugar (lactose) into lactic acid |
Created by:
johncl
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