Question 1

Articular Structures:

Accepted Answer

include the joint capsule and articular cartilage, the synovium and synovial fluid, intra-articular ligaments, and juxta-articular bone.

Question 2

Extra-articular structures: (outside joint)

Accepted Answer

include periarticular ligaments, tendons, bursae, muscle, fascia, bone, nerve, and overlying skin.

Question 3

Ligaments:

Accepted Answer

are rope-like bundles of collagen fibrils that connect bone to bone.

Question 4

Tendons:

Accepted Answer

are collagen fibers connecting muscle to bone.

Question 5

Bursae:

Accepted Answer

are pouches of synovial fluid that cushion the movement of tendons and muscles over bone or other joint structures. (close sac filled with fluid in a place where friction occurs - tendon crosses over bone).

Question 6

Synovial:

Accepted Answer

freely movable (knee, shoulder).

Question 7

Cartilaginous:

Accepted Answer

slightly movable (vertebral bodies of the spine).

Question 8

Fibrous:

Accepted Answer

immovable (skull structures)

Question 9

Spheroidal (ball and socket):

Accepted Answer

shoulder, hip

Question 10

Hinge:

Accepted Answer

interphalangeal joints of the hand and foot; elbow.

Question 11

Condylar:

Accepted Answer

knee, temporomandibular joint

Question 12

Muscles:

Accepted Answer

the 600 skeletal muscles account for 40%-50% of the body's weight.

Question 13

Skeletal Muscle:

Accepted Answer

Voluntary muscles, those under conscious control. Muscle that is connected with a bone.

Question 14

Smooth Muscle:

Accepted Answer

Muscle tissue that is involuntary in action and found principally in visceral organs. (not under conscious control)

Question 15

Cardiac Muscle:

Accepted Answer

Myocardium (causes ventricles to contract, pushes blood out to the body)

Question 16

Compact Bones:

Accepted Answer

long bones -> dense, hard, rigid. bone marrow = yellow & red

Question 17

Cancellous Bone:

Accepted Answer

inner bones, spongy bone.

Question 18

Flexion:

Accepted Answer

bending limb at joint

Question 19

Extension:

Accepted Answer

straightening limb at joint

Question 20

Abduction:

Accepted Answer

moving limb away from midline

Question 21

Adduction:

Accepted Answer

moving limb towards midline

Question 22

Pronation:

Accepted Answer

turning forearm so palm is down

Question 23

Supination:

Accepted Answer

turning forearm so palm is up

Question 24

Inversion:

Accepted Answer

moving sole of foot inward at ankle

Question 25

Eversion:

Accepted Answer

moving sole of foot outward at the ankle

Question 26

Rotation:

Accepted Answer

moving head around a central axis

Question 27

Elevation:

Accepted Answer

raising a body part

Question 28

Depression:

Accepted Answer

lowering a body part

Question 29

Dorsiflexion:

Accepted Answer

point toe at nose

Question 30

Plantar flexion:

Accepted Answer

point toe to floor

Question 31

Spine:

Accepted Answer

the vertebrae are 33 connecting bones stacked in a vertical column.

Question 32

Cervical:

Accepted Answer

7

Question 33

Thoracic:

Accepted Answer

12

Question 34

Lumbar:

Accepted Answer

5

Question 35

Sacral:

Accepted Answer

5

Question 36

Coccygeal Vertebrae:

Accepted Answer

3-4

Question 37

Subjective Data - Joints:

Accepted Answer

Pain (old cart), stiffness, swelling, heat, redness, limitation of movement, systemic symptoms (fever, chills, rash, weakness, weight loss).

Question 38

Subjective Data - Neck pain:

Accepted Answer

Old Cart.

Question 39

Subjective Data - Low back pain:

Accepted Answer

Old Cart. On the midline, over the vertebrae or off the midline. Radiation to the legs? Numbness or paresthesias (tingling).

Question 40

Subjective Data - Muscles:

Accepted Answer

Pain - Old Cart, weakness. (Statins for cholesterol cause muscles pain)

Question 41

Subjective Data- Bones:

Accepted Answer

Pain - Old Cart. Deformity, trauma (fractures, sprains, dislocations). Functional Assessment (ADL's), self-care behaviors, Meds (statins cause back pain)

Question 42

Additional History for the Aging Adult:

Accepted Answer

Any change in weakness over the past months or years? Any increase in falls or stumbling over the past months or years? Do you use any mobility aids to help you get around: cane or walker?

Question 43

History for the Pediatric patient:

Accepted Answer

Trauma during labor and delivery. Motor milestones. Any fractures or broken bones. Any bony deformities, spinal curvature, unusual shape to feet/toes? Sports/protective equipment.

Question 44

Objective Information:

Accepted Answer

Inspection (size and contour of the joint, skin color and characteristics). Palpitation (skin, muscles, bony articulations, joint capsules, pulses) Range of Motion (ROM), Muscle testing

Question 45

Exam - Objective Data:

Accepted Answer

neck, upper extremities, lower extremities, spine.

Question 46

Neck:

Accepted Answer

range of motion (flexion, extension, lateral movements and rotation), strength testing

Question 47

Upper extremities:

Accepted Answer

shoulders, arms, wrists, hands -> inspect, palpate, check pulses, ROM and strength testing.

Question 48

Lower extremities:

Accepted Answer

hips, knees, ankles, feet and toes - inspect, palpate, check pulses, ROM and strength testing.

Question 49

Spine:

Accepted Answer

inspect, palpate, check for curvature of the spine and ROM.

Question 50

Objective Data for Pedi: Infant

Accepted Answer

Positional deformities of the foot, Congenital hip...ortolani's maneuver/allis test (make sure there is no clicking noise in hips), Check clavicle after birth (make sure no trauma/injury at birth). Check back for any cyst/tuft of hair, dimple/mass.

Question 51

Objective Data for Pedi: Infant (cont)

Accepted Answer

Check muscle tone. Child: screen for scoliosis.

Musculoskeletal

Health Assessment

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