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The Skeletal System
health
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where does the production of blood cells and platelets begin? | The production of blood cells and platelets begins in the red bone marrow found in the spongy bone at the ends of bone. |
| What does yellow bone marrow consist of? | Yellow bone marrow consists of mostly fat. |
| What does the periosteum supply to the bones? | The periosteum supplies nutrients to the bones, and keeps them from dehydrating. |
| What is the axial skeleton? | The axial skeletion is a part of the skeleton primarily used to protect the soft organs of the body, such as the skull for the cranial(skull) the ribs for thoracic for the lungs and heart, and spine for spinal for spinal cord; they are all connected. |
| What is the appendicular skeleton? | The part of the skeleton comprised of the limbs and girdles such as pelvic girdle and Pectoral girdle. |
| What is the difference between bone marrow and periosteum? | Bone marrow is located in center of bone and produces blood and stores fat, while periosteum is outer coating of bone which protects the bone and stores blood vessels. |
| What are Haversian Canals? | Haversian canals are narrow channels where new bone is added through calcium deposits. |
| What causes osteoporosis? | Osteoporosis is caused by loss of or lack of calcium, vitamin D, and lack of estrogen which strengthens bones in women but is taken away after menopause, leaving the bones vulnerable. |
| How are joints connected to one another? | Joints are places in body where two or more bones meet, while ligaments are connective tissues that connect the bones in joints together. |
| What are immovable joints? | Immovable joints are places in the body where bones connect that don't move at all. |
| What are slightly movable joints? | Movable joints are joints in the body which are able to move a little bit, but not as much as freely movable joints. |
| True or False. A ball-and-socket joint is used by the shoulders and hips. | True. |
| True or False. A saddle joint is used for bending and straightening movements. | False. The hinge joint is used for bending and straightening movements. |
| True or False. Joints that permit the most movement are called freely moveable joints. | True. |
| Define Axial skeleton. | Part of the skeleton that protects soft organs. Includes: skull( brain), ribs(heart and lungs), and the spine( spinal cord) |
| Define appendicular skeleton. | Part of the skeleton involved with movement. Includes: the limbs, and the girdles. ( pelvic, and pectoral) |
| Define Bone Marrow. | Soft tissue located in the shaft of bone in adults. This is either yellow or red. Red produces blood. Yellow stores fat. |
| Define periosteum. | A tough membrane surrounding bones like skin. It is used to protect bone and provide nutrients to it. |
| Define compact bone. | Dense connective tissue that provides support found in the middle, also where yellow bone marrow is located in shaft. |
| Define spongy bone. | A loosely structured network of separated connective tissue ; lightweight. |
| Define Haversian canal. | an opening in the center of a unit of bone. |
| Define osteocyte | a matured bone cell. |
| Define osteoporosis, | A disease in which the spongy bone becomes weak and fragile due to lack of calcium; causes brittle bones. |
| Define Joint. | a place in the body where two or more bones meet. |
| Define ligament. | tough connective tissue which holds two bones at movable joints together. |
| Define cartilage. | flexible connective tissue found in joints and is replaced by bone during growth. prevents arthritis and provides structure to nose and ear. |
| Define ball and socket joint | Joint which has greatest range of motion which is found in shoulder and hips at 36o degrees. |
| Define pivot joint | Joint where one bone rotates around another. |
| Define hinge joint. | forward or backward motioned joint. |
| Define gliding joint. | Joint in which one bone slides over the other. |
| Defind saddle joint. | Joint found in thumb which allows for rotating 360. |
| Synovial fluid. | fluid found in joint cavity which lubricates the cartilage. |
| define osteoarthritis. | arthritis caused when the cartilage becomes dry and deteriorates until bones rub against each other. |
| define ossification | cartilage turning to bone. |
| What are two reasons why women are more likely than men to get osteoporosis? | Women are more likely because men naturally have bigger bones with more calcium but also because their estrogen which is lost during menopause supports the bones but is taken away. You can prevent this by eating calcium and vitamin d and taking hor. pil. |
| Why are babies mostly cartilage during birth? | because the baby is flexible and able to bend so it is easier to push it out. |
| What are the functions of the skeletal system? | support the body, protection of soft organs, movement due to attached skeletal muscles, storage of minerals and fats until 30, and blood cell formation. |
| What are the four parts of the skeletal system? | Ligaments, joints, cartilages, and bones. |
| What does it mean to be double jointed? | It means that they have loose ligaments. |
| What is the pectoral girdle composed of ? | The clavicle and the scapula. They allow the upper limb to have exceptionally free movement. |
| What are the differences between a girl and a boy pelvis? | girl is over 90 degrees for pubic arch while the boy's pubic arch is acute, and the inlet of the pelvis is further down in boys. |
| What types of bone are located in the body, and how many bones in an adult are there? | There is compact bone which is dense connective tissue used to provide support, and spongy bone which is a loosely structured network which is light-weight to allow movement. In total there are 206 bones. |
| What types of bones is bone marrow located in and where are these bones? | They are found at the ends of long bones and in the shafts of long bones which are in the limbs only. |
| What does the cavity of the long bone contain ad on the ends? | yellow in shaft but red in infants and the bone ends contain red marrow. |
| what is an osteon? | A unit of bone. |
| What is a haversian canal? | an opening in the center of an osteon which carries blood vessels and nerves. |
| where does cartilage remain and why? | In isolated areas for flexibility and a slippery surface for movement such as the ear nose ribs and joints. |
| How do you prevent osteoporosis? | stop smoking, get calcium and vitamin d, medication, reduce alcohol, and weight bearingexercise |
| What are the functions of joints? | hold the bones together, allow for mobility, and there are 3 classifications of these joints based on degree of movement known as immovable joints; don't move, slightly moveable; move a little; spine, and freely movable; move a lot. |
| What are these joints connected or separated by? | immovable joints are connected by fibrous bone, and slightly movable joints are connected by cartilage, and freely moveable joints are separated by joint cavities. |
| Define osteocytes. | matured bone cells. |
| define osteoblasts | bone-forming cells. |
| define osteoclasts | bone-destroying cells that break downbone for remodeling. |
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