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Bio 255 Exam Unit 2

Bones, Skeleton, Joints, Muscle, and Muscular System

QuestionAnswer
Functions of Bone Support, Protection, Movement, Mineral Storage,Blood Cell Formation, and Energy Storage
Axial Skeleton Skull, Vertebral Column, and Rib Cage
Appendicular Skeleton Upper and Lower Limbs, Shoulder, and Hip
Bone Markings: Head Bony expansion on a narrow neck
Bone Markings: Condyle Rounded articular projection
Bone Markings: Facet Smooth, nearly flat articular surface
Bone Markings: Ramus Armlike bar of bone
Bone Marking: Tuberosity Large rounded projection
Bone Markings: Crest Narrow, prominent ridge of bone
Bone Markings: Trochanter Large, blunt irregular surface
Bone Markings: Epicondyle Raised area above a condyle
Bone Markings:Tubercle Small rounded projection
Bone Markings: Spine Sharp, slender projection
Bone Markings: Line Narrow ridge of bone
Bone Markings: Process Any bony prominence
Bone Markings: Meatus Canal-like passageway
Bone Markings: Sinus Cavity within bone
Bone Markings: Fossa Shallow, basin-like projection
Bone Markings: Groove Furrow
Bone Markings:Fissure Narrow, slitlike opening for passage of blood vessels, nerves or ligaments
Bone Markings: Foramen Round or oval opening through a bone
Compact Bone Layer over spongy bone, thicker in diaphysis, and protects and supports
Spongy Bone Thin plates of bone with large spaces, filled in with red marrow
Cranium Protects the brain and is the site of attachment for head and neck muscles
Cervical Vertebra 7
Thoracic Vertebra 12
Lumbar Vertebra 5
Sacrum 5 fused vertebrae
Coccyx 4 fused vertebrae
Functions of ligaments and intervertebral disks Shock absorbers
Features of Vertebrae: Body Smaller in cervical, largest in lumbar – weight bearing
Features of Vertebrae: Spinous processes interspinous ligaments connect vertebrae
Features of Vertebrae: Superior and Inferior articular facets Form movable joints between vertebrae
Features of Vertebrae: Vertebral Foramen Contains the spinal cord, protecting it
Functions of Thoracic Cage Protection, support, attachment for muscles, and provides anatomical landmarks
Aging of Skeleton Bones lose mass and loss of stature by several centimeters
Diarthroses Freely moveable
Amphiarthroses Slightly moveable
Synarthroses Unmoveable
Fibrous No synovial cavity, fibrous CT binds, little or no movement
Syndesmoses Fibrous connective tissue, but not as tightly fit as a suture
Gomphoses Peg in scoket
Synovial Joints Fluid-filled andfreely moveable
Gliding Two body parts move past one another
Flexion Decreased angle
Extension Increased angle
Hyperextension Beyond anatomical position
Lateral Flexion Bending along frontal plane
Bone Markings: Head Bony expansion on a narrow neck
Bone Markings: Condyle Rounded articular projection
Bone Markings: Facet Smooth, nearly flat articular surface
Bone Markings: Ramus Armlike bar of bone
Bone Markings: Tuberosity Large rounded projection
Bone Markings: Crest Narrow, prominent ridge of bone
Bone Markings: Trochanter Large, blunt, irregular surface
Bone Markings: Epicondyle Raised area above a condyle
Bone Markings: Tubercule Small rounded projection
Bone Markings: Spine Sharp, slender projection
Bone Markings: Line Narrow ridge of bone
Bone Markings: Process Any bony prominence
Bone Markings: Meatus Canal-like passageway
Bone Markings: Sinus Cavity within bone
Bone Markings: Fossa Shallow, basinlike depression
Bone Markings: Groove Furrow
Bone Markings: Fissure Narrow, slitlike opening for passage of blood vessels, nerves or ligaments
Bone Markings: Foramen Round or oval opening through a bone
Created by: gaudiop
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