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Cell Structure (AL)
SLS Bio 12 Cell Structure (AL)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell Membrane | The outer covering of the cell consisting of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it |
| Cell Wall | structure that surrounds a plant, protistan, fungal, or bacterial cell and maintains the cells shape and rigidity |
| Cellular Respiration | metabolic processes that take place in a cell in which biochemical energy is harvested from organic substance (e.g. glucose) and stored as energy carriers (ATP) for use in energy-requiring activities of the cell |
| Chloroplast | Membranous organelle that contains cholorphyll and is the site of photosynthesis |
| Chromatin | Network of fibrils consisting of DNA and associated proteins observed within a nucleus that is not dividing |
| Chromosome | Rodlike structure in the nucleus seen during cell division-contains the hereditary units or genes |
| Cristae | infoldings or inward projections of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion- studded with proteins and increase the surface area for chemical reactions to occur like cellular respiration |
| Cytoplasm | Contents of a cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane that contains the organelles |
| Cytoskeleton | Internal framework of the cell that consists of microtubules actin filaments and intermediate filaments |
| Golgi bodies | An organelle found in most eukaryotic cells involved in glycosylation, packaging of molecules like proteins into vesicles for secretion, transport of lipids around the cell, and the creation of lysosomes |
| Lysosome | membrane bounded vesicle that has hydrolytic enzymes for digesting macromolecules |
| Matrix | unstructured semifluid substance that fills the space between cells in connective tissues or inside organelles |
| Mitochondria | rod-shaped organelles found within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, act as the site for the production of high-energy compounds (e.g. ATP), which are vital energy source for several cellular processes |
| Nuclear Envelope | double membrane that surrounds the nucleus and is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum |
| Nuclear Pore | opening in the nuclear envelope that permits the passage of proteins into the nucleus and ribosomal sunbunits out of the nucleus |
| Nucleolus | dark-staining spherical body in the nucleus that produces ribosomal subunits |
| Nucleus | membrane bounded organelle within a eukaryotic cell that contains chromosomes and controls the structure and function of the cell |
| Organelle | small often membranous structure in the cytoplasm having a specific structure and function |
| Polysome | a complex of ribosomes strung along a strand of messenger RNA-translates genetic information coded in the messenger RNA during protein synthesis |
| Ribosome | RNA and protein in two subunits site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | studded with ribosomes-used for protein synthesis |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | has no ribosomes- various functions; lipid synthesis in some cells |
| Vacuole | membrane bounded sac that holds fluid and a variety of other substances |
| Vesicle | small membrane bounded sac that stores substances within a cell |
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